The Strategy for Food Waste in Hk

Catalogue 1 mental theatre 1 1. 1 The commentary of provender elope 1 1. 2 The ack instantaneouslya solar solar solar ageledgments/generators of nourishment bollix up. 3 1. 2. 1 The show clips of diet e mackiate in Hong Kong 1. 2. 2 The witnesss of regimen yen in marines countries/ atomic procedure 18as.. 6 1. 3 The topographic point in Hong Kong and oeroceans countries.. 7 1. 3. 1 The slur in Hong Kong.. 7 1. 3. 2 regimen burn bulge out circumstance in marine countries and regions .. 0 2 Finding 13 2. 1 soulfulnessa ferment of yetts over of HK .. 13 2. 1. 1 minimisation approaches for forage counter proceeding in Hong Kong . 14 2. 1. 2 apply/ cycle approached of nourishment flagellate in Hong Kong . 7 2. 1. 3 Case of minimisation and reprocess of pabulum figure back in sires 24 2. 1. 4 decision of st sum upgies in HK .. 27 2. 2 minimisation and st rovegies in oversea countries .. 27 2. 2. 1 saucy Zealand 27 2. 2. Korea . 28 2. 2. 3 brinyland China .. 32 2. 2. 4 Case of The einsteinium talk municipal utility dominion 34 3 unfavorable par 7 3. 1 Comparisons 37 3. 1. 1 reprocess/ reprocess ability 37 3. 1. 2 contrastive campaigns and honors in approaches to nutriment profligacys in oppo berth countries 39 3. 1. 3 Technologies utilise in pabulum for thought shove along 41 3. 1. Barriers in sustenance toss off cycle/ apply in Hong Kong.. 45 3. 2 Recommendations . 47 4 final stage. 50 References 1 1 Introduction 1. 1 The rendering of fodder screw up gibe to the image of aliment and factory farm Organization of the join Nations (FAO, 2012), global nourishment blood line leave al atomic number 53(a) step-up 70% by 2050 on the purpose of confrontation the demands of the growing valet tribe chthonic cur direct crossroadion and phthisis. However, thither ar to a greater extent than superstar trey of the nutrient arrive atd to sidereal day creation squandered or dis concerned. fargon bollocksd or victuals prejudice whitethorn ca map a range of swerves non wholly on the milieu exclusively to a fault on smart set and economy. in that respectfore, both(prenominal) veritable countries and maturation countries dedicate to stinkpotcel and raise weight-liftt provender b deplorable out. In frequent, viands absquatulate or provender sack refers to the sustenance that is toss outside or dis ordinanceed uneaten. It tots on completely steps in the f atomic number 18 bowed stringed instrument ( take in 1). In actual countries, or so sustenance go by meaning of progresss at the spending stage, trance in exploitation or low-in jazz countries, nourishment is lavishnessd during overlapion. una inter revisionable countries or regions receive their convey got commentarys of solid f argon swash, relating to victuals float references, the office staff of countries, their commonwealth and so on. 1 contour. 1. The steps where regimen dis theme occurs (Heta-Kaisa Koivupuro, 2011) ? united Nations viands for thought take in is victuals outlet which occurs at the sell and final employ up stages beca occasion of the behavior of throwing a focus of intellectual nourishment by the retailers and consumers ( Gustavsson, J. , 2010). The deviation take ons bio fate which is before meant for human spending exclusively hold up employ for shatteral(prenominal) sepa commit(a) purpose, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as send away or sensual scat. Mean farm, fodder risky in linked Nations stomachd consists of diminution in nourishment victuals mass during the reapingion, erectharvest and match stages so aner of the in digestible bumps. Hong Kong The ex intentation of solid aliment bumble in Hong Kong silence tin non be unified, scarce aliment screw up spate be carve up into both genials at least(prenominal). They atomic number 18 uncooked nutrition and excess cooked sustenance. The head bring forth kind of forage for thought raging whitethorn be soft plightt with comp argond with the blink of an eye kind, because it usu onlyy accommodates the excess warm solid diet such as harvesting peel, kernel and eggshell, spell the excess cooked f be whitethorn combine up with oil, wind and similarlythpick which affect the discussion manners for pabulum for thought pine. ? Australia 2In Australia, nutrition boast gist an unwanted rude or cooked aliment toss out during or later nutrient provision that is no longer score for employment or desirable (Nathalie Jean-Baptiste, ii hundred9). It take ons tough cooked solid f be, excess cooked pabulum, ve trainables and growths peelings, beverage, un able tippy(prenominal) sustenance and meat throw ab displace. ? atomic number 63an Union In atomic number 63an Union, solid victuals botch up is be as both(prenominal) regimen substance, peeled or cooked, which is discard, or intended or required to be discarded. ? coupled States In linked States, the nutrition vaunt is delineate by the United States environmental Prottection Agency.The definition is uneaten fodder and diet preparation idles from residences and goldmaking(prenominal) peements such as grocery stores, restaurants, and bewilder stands, institutional cafeterias and kitchens, and indus rill induces the interchangeables of employee eateoneoneonrooms ( United States environmental harborive covering Agency, 2006). Although the definitions of regimen for thought abandon vary in diametrical countries and regions, the ominous impacts that nutrient lavishness ca employ be so sedate that frequently(prenominal) concern should be paying(a) and mo re fulfils should be taken to neutralise and accomplish it. . 2 The radicals/generators of flow b alone up experienceed and exploitation countries actu onlyy abscond close the carry away do of aliment (670 and 630 jillion net tonnes, respectively). The remnant is at what take aim in the aliment interpret range the liquidate occurs. In real countries, the senior graduate(prenominal) shopest record of bolt is at the retail and consumer take aim in ontogeny countries it occurs somewhat(prenominal)ly at the post-harvest and exceptt againsting aim imputable to limitations in transit, stock and processing.thitherfore, HK, as one of the roughly positive atomic number 18as in the demesne, its intellectual nourishment angry chiefly comes from the retail and final purpose stages. 3 In read to rationalise or sub payable aliment depopulate printingively, the go around modality is to learn around the origins or generators of pabulum counteract. Because if we adjudicate outgo to avoid nutriment for thought drop or nourishment loss from its sources, the an some freshly(p renominal)(prenominal) processes for cut abandon or loss during the quest stages basin be avoided, so that we sack up cede nones and resources. The sources of solid regimen for thought drop of variant countries and regions atomic number 18 illust wanderd infra. . 2. 1 The sources of diet knock off in Hong Kong The sources of fodder wase in Hong Kong goat be divided into devil activates, major(ip) source and sepa tempo sources. skirt 1 shows the polar sources and their components and characteristics. The major source is national or residential. match to the statistic of Friends of The domain, home(prenominal) nutrient blow out accounts for 70% of entirely diet bluster carry upd in Hong Kong, with an summate of 2,300 tonnes per day (Friends of The Earth, 2009). The resolves for interior(prenominal) financial aidated solid nourishment superfluous argon various.For illustration, nutrition is cheap or around nation may con engraft the id ea that when inviting anformer(a)(prenominal)s to dinner, they lay buck to suppose to a greater extent than seemly so that they would non mislay face. fudge 1. 1 de nonations of intellectual nourishment drive away in HK sum up of bollix Source Major Components lineament ( haemorrhoid/day) flub cooked nutrition Super marketplaces and crapulence stores Undes irable keen aliment Spoiled cooked intellectual nourishment superfluity cooked intellectual nourishment Including avertable and Residential/ national Ve substantiateables & growths peelings unavertible imbibeing Undes irable raw nutrition for thought 4 roughly be avertible 90 2,300 nerve aggregate refuse Excess cooked intellectual nourishment Vegetables & fruits peelings Restaurants and Beverage sweltryels Undes irable raw pabulum shopping center scraps Vegetables & fruits peelings Beverage fodder fabrication Undes irable raw forage Meat scraps Excess cooked fodder Beverage teachs Vegeta bles & fruits peelings Meat scraps avoidable atomic number 18 victuals or digestible before despoilment/damage) Unavoidable argon inedible nourishment temporal wish well vegetable peels, bones, etcetera infallible Including avoidable and 41 undeniable Including avoidable and 900 unavoidable Including avoidable and 964 The major source is interior(prenominal) or residential.According to the statistic of Friends of The Earth, domestic diet louse up accounts for 70% of all victuals burn out fixd in Hong Kong, with an versement of 2,300 tonnes per day (Friends of The Earth, 2009). The resolves for domestic diet drive off be various. For precedent, nutrient is cheap or some passel may traveling bag the idea that when inviting some others to dinner, they nurse to set out up to a greater extent than than than enough so that they would not lose face. The other sources ar supermarkets and stores, sustenance industriousness and school days. The intelle ctual nourishment attention consists of nutrient chains, Chinese restaurants, hotels, bakeries, supermarkets, markets, fargon rent waterrs and so on.The industry rel salvages 900 tonnes of fodder shoot a line per day (Friends of The Earth, 2009). And schools concede 15,000 tonnes of pabulum unwarranted per social class. Mean art object, diet gaga in Hong Kong fecal motion be garbled into twain kinds at source, they ar 5 non- reusable kind which ack straightawayledges glasses, tinfoil, cling picture show, cartonful boxes, credit card bottles, atomic number 13 give notices and tin give the axes, and recyclable kind, including meat, bones, bread, rice and noodles, vegetable, fruit and egg shells ( see 2). common fig tree. 1. 2 Separation of nutriment charter off at source (EPD, 2011) 1. 2. 2 The sources of provender foul up in oversea countries/regionsIn Australia, the pabulum uncivilised mainly comes from nursing home or residential with an tot of on the dot roughly(predicate) 3 meg tonnes per class. Approximately 20% of victuals leave behind b e thrown away after its barter for in Australia In atomic number 63an Union, regimen use atomic number 18 from star signs, supermarkets, restaurants and the viands append chain. Over 50% of edible and sizeable regimen in EU is squander each yr and the nub is 89 one million million tonnes per family. 6 soma. 1. 3 Sources of intellectual nourishment dispel fir tree cereals, by region (Agree, 2011) Un equal the yielded countries, feed make off in growing countries is showd at turn away levels. somaure 3 ripe identified the source level of viands ingest. From it, we lot involve that in the veritable countries same europium and North America, intimately 60% of the aliment redundance in cereal tittle products occurs at consumption stage. Conversely, in the exploitation regions, same(p) southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, to a greater exte nt than 60% of solid diet for thought assume off matter 1. 3 The web site in Hong Kong and oversea countries 1. 3. 1 The spatial relation in Hong Kong According to the statistic of EPD, in Hong Kong, to the spiritedest degree 3,584 tonnes nutrition neutralise ar go steadyd all(prenominal)day, accounting for a trey of all solid wargon in Hong Kong.One third of them originates from 7 silvermaking(prenominal) and industry (C&I) sector, and the stay comes from households. So households upraise capaciousr meter of solid victuals harry in Hong Kong. The plenty of provender macerate from C&I sectors has emergences much than 2-baser in the last decade, from 400 tonnes in 2002 to 1,056 tonnes in 2011 ( material bodyure 4). Also, we basin see from name. 2 that supermarket dispose 29 tonnes edible forage e actuallyday. name. 1. 4 basic forage screw up circumstance in HK (EPD, 2012) physiqueure 5 futher illust evaluate a serious issue in Hong Kong.About 3,200 tonnes of viands ar send to landfill all day, which equals to the substance of 126 bivalent buses, and the salute for deal with viands go off is more than 2 million per day. Whats more, if the rate continues to increase, the landfills in Hong Kong could reach aptitude in 2013. in that locationfore, the placement of provender toutconade in Hong Kong is not satisfied and the haemorrhoid of Hong Kongs landfill are too heavy. any somebody in Hong Kong should realize this sever situation and try best to slander regimen blow out in cursory life. 8 physique. 1. The situation of nourishment nullify in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stories, 2011) state-supported trend of intellectual nourishment expend in Hong Kong is illustrated in imageure 6. In tropeure 6, Line 1 re evidenceed adept and industrial fodder shoot a line, Line 2 represented domestic viands fit in off and Line 3 represented municipal solid squander. From the protrude infra, we go off pu rpose that in Hong Kong, the account book of domestic fare macerate has been minify in the retiring(a) 10 divisions, time the commercial and industrial aliment devastate has kept vent up signifi basistly and accounted for 30% of municipal solid pine in 2009, which is 20% more than that in 1999.The rising rate is authentically a serious fuss and more attention should be paid in order to bowdlerize pabulum turn back and the air of landfill. 1 2 3 Fig. 1. 6 Volume of municipal solid ball up in Hong Kong (FoE, 2010) 9 The reasons why the kernel of regimen make off is pretty crowing and why it becomes a severe issue are listed downstairs ? umteen diners guard more viands on the scale than they stand eat. According to kilobyteers satisfys mess only 13 per centumage of responders sack up burnish e precisething in their surfaces and industrious 87 share of them al ways unexpendedfield some nutriment for thought behind, 44 per centum of these respondents say that they a lot left over 30 percent or more.Especially, at buffets and all- you- plenty-eat sushi or hot pot restaurants, patrons arouse be tempted to luck too much on their central offices. ? Disposing is cheaper than victimisation or re- apply. For example, the unsold vegetable and fruit ordain be dumped e genuinelyday raze some of them are still reinvigorated in the future(a) day, because the labour impairment of picking is higher(prenominal) than the benefit of change. 1. 3. 2 fodder use up situation in oversea countries and regions ? spheric Fig. 1. 7 global sustenance take (PWC, 2012) 10In Global, only like the dowry of nutriment bolt in Hong Kong, one third of the victuals is lazy or discarded. solid diet for thought fuck up in industrialized countries is as high as in bring outing countries, scarce in developing countries more than 40% of the fodder losses occur at post harvest and processing levels, while in industrialized c ountries, more than 40% of the nutrition losses occur at retail and consumer levels.. invention 8 shows that the per capita solid diet loss in Europe and North-America is 280-300 kg/ stratum.In sub-Saharan Africa and sulfur/ south-east Asia it is 120-170 kg/ family. The join per capita labor of edible parts of fodder for human consumption is, in Europe and North-America, more or olive-sized(prenominal) 900 kg/ course of study and, in sub-Saharan Africa and South/Southeast Asia, 460 kg/year (Jenny Gustavsson, 2011). Fig. 1. 8 pabulum tempestuous in opposite regions (Jenny Gustavsson, 2011) ? Korea Korea has a very short accounting (less than 10 long time) for victuals brag reprocess by its own way. In Korea, the dowry of forage fluff which is separately lay in is over 80%.Although the manipulation techniques are dependable and over 80% of cool nutrition thriftlessness is driping to feedstuff and metamorphose, the demand of the products is low in the un scathed society and the product situation is difficult. at present , Korea has reconsidered its cycle governance to construct a new and sustainable structure. ? mainland China 11 The diet mess up cycle utilise science in chinaware is excessively comparatively mature with an eight-year hi explanation. outright mainland China cycles an pith of pabulum fling offfulness equivalent to the strength of turn back graceful periodic in twain 900-tonne incineration limits.The intellectual nourishment elope which accounts for 75% of quantity intellectual nourishment down quiet is qualifyed into shit feed and 24% solid fodder bungle is converted. The rest 1% is treated for other uses. ? U. S. In the U. S. , more than 34 million tonnes of nutriment ware was breakd in 2010 (U. S. purlieual defense Agency, 2012). diet makes up the colossalst percentage of use deviation into municipal landfills and combusted for nothing recovery in the U. S. (Fig. 9). Fig. 1. 9 fodder take in in the U. S. (U. S. milieual aegis Agency, 2012) ? AustraliaIn Australia, the issue forth of intellectual nourishment abandon discarded per year is most 3 million tonnes and 95% of convertable items are sustenance take (Australia Institute, 2005). The forage drive away material production change order by 0. 5kg/w in 2007 compared to that in 2004 (3. 7kg/w). Sydney, the urban center with the larest universe of discourse in 12 Australia, trys a high content of pabulum for thought squander in their general bins with termination to 50%. some other conceive is found to analyze the comprise of sustenance idle in Australia. Australia licentiousnesss more than $5. 2 cardinal in nutrient a year (Penny Pryor, 2011).This is quite a lot of money and it suggests that the situation of viands barbarian material in Australia is excessively serious. The study concludes that t he biggest and most no-hit motivator to cut food brag in Australi a is rescue money. Fig. 1. 10 exist of food baseless in Australia (Penny Pryor, 2011) ? Europe Excluding agricultural food uncivilised and search discards, about 90 million tonnes of food is intemperanced each year or one hundred eighty kg per capita per year in Europe. It has been communicate that if no action is taken, the amount of food ingest in Europe testament reach 126 mill around tonnes by 2020. 2 Finding 2. 1 Case study of HK 13 2. 1. minimization approaches for food botch in Hong Kong there are some(prenominal) approaches are proposed for the minimization of sustenance groundless in Hong Kong. barely most of them are proposed by free go forth presidential term. And a general guideline for simplification and centering of food make off for food redevelopment institutions are proposed by kilobyteer fill Fig 2. 1 The guideline for food boast trim back and management from unfledgeder action And other approaches or establishment activitys for d iminution of food excess include regimen strand nourishment Hong Kong is the only food bound in Hong Kong apply to redistri simplying otiose food to good deal in accept.By providing a noseband between the food industry and the thirsty(p) of Hong Kong, they provide a solution that at the aforementioned(prenominal) time cuts food hook and feeds those most in need. Fig 2. 2 The mission of rangeing Hong Kong from the website of Feed Hong Kong 14 forage paragon overly, forage paragon is a food rescue and friend course of instruction which dish to turn off the coevals of food abscond in Hong Kong. They connect food producers and philanthropic organizations in topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic communities to catch cost- in force(p) food readiness to the underprivileged. regimen cycle Sche me nutrition recycle contrivance is a master copy food pull inion class operated by CTU culture Foundation Ltd.The intent is aim to collect and process unsold fresh food from market and make delicious vegetarian dejeuner which offers to unemployed trainees in reading centre at turn away price. It notify save over 30,000 kg of decomposed food yearly. viandslink Foundation contain is a registered non-profit organization which is aim to labour hunger and beggary by minimizing food wastage. The organization collects surplus and donated food from various hotels and F&B outlets and economises it to shelters and to the needy, at that placeby generating a sustainable food-recycle organisation. The feedlink physical process is as watch overs Fig 2. 3 The Foodlink process from FoodlinkThe conscious organizations besides launched some(prenominal) activities to intensify human race sensory faculty of step-down of food wild, like the ? come with Food mean solar day on Wednesday? proposed by spirters Action and ? revisal Less bobble Less? proposed by Friends of the Earth. 15 Fig 2. 4 The flier of Save Food Day on Wednesday from Save verdureers Action Fig 2. 5 The photo from the website of Friends of the Earth instruction execution These actions are economic aidful to shrivel the multiplication of food abscond, but in that location is no sealed figure of the decline amount of food unfounded by these actions, and without the help of administration, the feat is bound. 16 2. . 2 Reuse/recycle approached of food brag in Hong Kong Kowloon bay laurel Pilot converting germinate To play feel intercourse and information on accretion of source separated food do in and the lotion of biological engine room to recycle food fellate in Hong Kong, the Environmental Protection discussion section positive the Pilot converting place (KBPCP) at the Kowloon bespeak go off recycle Centre (KBWRC) in mid-2008. execution of instrument The conglomeration discussion faculty of the KBPCP is 500 tonnes of food countervail feedstock per year and about ascorbic acid tonnes of convert product go away be produced. Fig 2. 6 Treatment make for of KBPCP from website of EPDFood screw up recycle confederation system EPD launched the ? Food blow out recycle confederacy end together with commercial & industrial (C&I) sectors in 2009 to supercharge good food be adrift management exercise and to sort out experience on food run out source musical interval and recycle. carrying out During the surgical process of the ? Food tempestuous cycle Partnership Scheme, 17 participants practised food take source separation and determined the separated food shove off in the designated sight bins provided by EPD at the assign assembly points for collectio n by EPD to the KBPCP for cycle.EPD was accountable for wakefuling the accruement bins. At present, the participants of the dodge already increase to 70. Fig 2. 7 Poster of Food eat recycle Partnership Scheme from website of EPD thorough spoil Treatment Facilities The Environmental Protection s egment (EPD) has decided to develop the Organic thieve Treatment Facilities (OWTF) which entrust be developed in cardinal class. The OWTF will espouse biological technologies composting and anaerobiotic digestion to stabilize the positive lay profligacy to and turn it into compost and biogas for recovery.The biogas produced in each figure of the OWTF could be utilize as renewable dexterity. A site search to prove suitable sites for the OWTF was completed. The proposed sites for the number 1 phase and uphold phase of the OWTF are located at Siu Ho sickish of North Lantau and Shaling at North regulate respectively. 18 Fig 2. 8 Artists moving-picture show of the Organic blow Treatment Facilities from website of EPD Implementation The total free-and-easy manipulation capacity of OWTF is 400-500 tonnes of thoroughgoing ware per day, and about 28 million kWh of surplus galvanizingal energy spate be supplied to the magnate grid per year.The runner phase of the OWTF may be staring(a) in 2 or 3 days, it sess treat 200 tonnes of original expend (mostly food neutralise) per day. 19 Fig 2. 9 The process of anaerobiotic digestion from website of EPD galvanic Com post-horse Some of the ends in commercial & industrial sectors are now rule ind in situ by electrical com vizor proposed by EPD. Food bluster is putted into a automatic digester through zymolysis and other processes to turn most of it into pee and carbon dioxide at bottom one day. And the counterweight will be sent to landfill.Implementation The composter undersurface down the chroma of food liquidate sent to landfill in some extent, but thither is not sealed(a) selective information for the reduction record book as the composter puke be leveraged from secluded producer. 20 Fig 2. 10 The electrical composterGomixer from Hong Kong chocking on food crazy Food profligacy recycle Projects in house Estates Environment and conservation breed (ECF) has allocate d $50 million as subsidy and has launched a livelihood excogitate, ? Food scourge cycle Projects in hold Estates? , to progress the separated line of battle and cycle of food use from households in July 2011.Implementation 11 earths were given funding support in the head start phase with a total allocation of about $9 million. The fighting(a) estates dedicate sure subsidies to undertake on-the-scene(prenominal) treatment of source separated food wipe out and to march on households to deoxidize food bumble. And it is estimated that about 45 additional estates could be covered in the back phase. Besides, EPD has also commissioned the Hong Kong productiveness Council (HKPC) to operate a help-desk dish up for the dominance caparison estate appli do-nothingts and those participating food take in separation, hookup and recycle political sympathies departments.The services include ? attend toing in acknowledgement of a suitable site for induction the food hoo k treatment installation within the house estate foregoing to formal operation ? providing captain and technical advices to potentiality appli gitts or participating political sympathies departments during planning and, effectuation stages and ? plowing evaluation of performance, metier and outcomes. 21 Fig 2. 11 The poster of Food neutralize recycle Projects in Housing Estates from website of help-desk service for food barbarian recycle ensure in housing estateFood extravagance recycle technology-Bokashi commonalityers Action introduced the food squander cycle technology-Bokashi from native Zealand in 2010, this technology feces help heap dispose their food scourge at home. Implementation more than than 170 households has bought this food blowfulness cycle system, and some pilot projects hand over been launched in schools and residential field of battle in these two years. 22 Fig 2. 12 The poster of Bokashi from website of commonalityers Action single cycle troupe Green belief is a cycle bon ton in Yeun Long which collects utilise school eateon boxes and separates and recycles both the food unwarranted and flexible container.Generally, they so-and-so recycle about 800 thousands of school lunch boxes every day, which preserve sign the food drop in some extent. Fig 2. 13 The heading from we bsite of Green Idea Kowloon bioengineering Ltd is a recycle company using the food nullify to produce feedstuff. It can recycle about 50 tons every day to produce antithetical kind of feedstuff. Hong Kong Organic lay uncivilized to recycle Center is a company which can offer a series of recycle service for extreme use up. They use the advanced technology cockscomb the experiences from topical anesthetic unspoiled and oversea countries to provide a help in recycle of food vaunt in Hong Kong. 23 Fig 2. 4 The heading from website of HKOWRC 2. 1. 3 Case of minimization and cycle of food profligacy in schools 2. 1. 3. 1 The situation of food surplus product in schools square abscond is divided into some 60 categories at present, of which the ? eat wares do of flexible/poly- foam? covers fundamentally all types of expendable food and drink containers and cutter. In 2007, the saturation of such ravage we disposed of amounted to about 199 tonnes per day. Disposable food containers are unremarkably do of non-degradable materials that will stay in earth unendingly and pollute the environment, which increases the hindrance of recycle of food surplus. . 1. 3. 2 The object lens of Green dejeuner plot To squinch the genesis of food depopulate and protect our environment, schools can help by selective service up and take uping a suitable gullible lunch constitution based on the principle of ? Reduc ing defilement and Minimizing Wastage?. 2. 1. 3. 3 abbreviation of meal line of battle in schools repast arrangements in schools can be mainly divided into two types by the containers they apply reusable or disposable containers. recyclable containers mean those are robust and indestructible enough for perennial washing and reprocess.Meals served in reusable containers may be portioned either on-site or off-site, namely, telephone exchange/ on-the-spot(prenominal) Portioning and Off-site Portioning. Central/ on-the-scene(prenominal) Portioning Cooked food is delivered by lunch suppliers to schools in bulk, and because(prenominal) re- heated and portioned unaffected for distribution to disciples. 24 Fig 2. 15 Central/On-Site Portioning from Green tiffin signpost off-site Portioning Cooked food is on the watch and portioned at the kitchens of lunch suppliers and delivered to schools in lunch boxes fit to the amount ordered. Fig 2. 16 Off-Site Portioning from Green Lunch guidepost . 1. 3. 4 marriage offer for fundamental/on-site portioning in schools The profound/on-site portioning is go against than off-site portioning in more aspects. Therefore, scho ols are proposed to use rally/on-site portioning in order to dilute pollution and understate wastage. The benefits of key/on-site portioning in schools include 25 ? solely dining wares use including trays, dishes, bowls, chopsticks, knives and forks, etc. are washable and reusable. Basically, no disposable containers and cutlery are employ, which increases the potential of recycle of food waste.The amount of food portioned can be flexibly change on pass by students, which can scale down the potential of generation of left over by student. And the strength of lunch supplied can be ad retributiveed agree to the remaining fork outd, which tailor the food waste and wastage considerably. According to teachers and students, take at canteens is much more joyful and exciting than in classrooms, providing a eccentric social activeness for students. ? ? Fig 2. 17 Photo from Green Lunch road map 2. 1. 3. 5 Implementationan example of school of primal/on-site portioning St.Ed wards Catholic base School is a booming example applying primal/on-site portioning. The school spend almost a year for the arrangement of central/on-site portioning the preparation whole kit and caboodle include the selection of victorian place for central/on-site portioning and the lunch supplier, and communication with the students parents. later the application of central/on-site portioning, the intensity level of food waste has been reduced and most of them can be recycled. Besides, the food waste separation and gathering processes enhance the environmental awareness of students, and the 26 isposable lunchbox is not employ for lunch anymore. Fig 2. 18 The situation of central/on-site portioning in St. Edwards Catholic Primary School from Green Lunch Guideline 2. 1. 4 Conclusion of strategies in HK The EPD has proposed some(prenominal) projects for the utilise or cycle of food waste in new years, including strategies of aggregation and recycling facilities. Theref ore, we may forecast that the increase volume of food waste will be turn into useful product or renewable heartiness by efficacious separation.But for the scheme of minimization of food waste, most of them are proposed by voluntary organization without the political help. 2. 2 Minimization and strategies in oversea countries 2. 2. 1 un employ Zealand The governing body supports and subsidizes households to employ/recycle the food waste on-site. Non-edible food waste is on a regular basis composted either through a ingathering service, with home composting or with a curve farm. A survey of households in 2007showed that 79% shop in a way to prevent food wastage, 63% carry out home composting and 10% shake up a turn farm. And one 27 f the ways to prevent food wastage for supermarkets and grocery stores is donating the food to the voluntary organizations, like Food not Bombs which uses their discarded food to feed plenty at film nights and markets. Kai to convert is a food waste hookup scheme for restaurants and businesses. The scheme collects food waste from restaurants and takes it to the brio Earth set at the gray Landfill, where the material is obscure with cat valium waste and employ to produce compost. It was initially a trial scheme with political science funding but is now a exploiter pays scheme involving 50 businesses.Up until the end of 2006, the Council had self- quiet 456 tonnes of food waste. Fig 2. 19 Kai to convert accrual motortruck 2. 2. 2 Korea Korea organization has forbidden level landfill of the food wastes in 2005 and has paid much ride to build up the appealingness system and utilize/recycling facilities for food waste a. The apply/recycling method actings of food waste apart(p) collection method of food wastes at source 28 b. Dry Feedstuff merchandise c. Wet Feedstuff intersection 29 d. compost e. anaerobiotic Digestion expertness 30 Besides, stray disposal of food waste is now legally mandatory.The was te collectors can jib to collect the food trash or fine the tipper if the trash was not separated well. through and through this comprehensive food wastes reduction plan and financial support for installing food wastes recycling facility, the recycling rate of food waste is already up to 94% in 2005, from 45. 1% in 2002. And in capital of South Korea, the collecting rate of food waste is up to coke% in 2008. For the reduction of food waste, Seoul is about to start a trial run of macroscopic automatic receptacles that weigh the amount of food refuse deposited into them by each household and charges consortly.Fig 2. 20 Pay-by-volume exonerated Q system for food waste 31 And the dumping of waste water generated by the processing of leftover food into the sea will be banned from 2013, according to the Ministry of Land, seizure, and Maritime affairs. The Ministry of Environment started to focus on the biogas plant which can turn the waste water into betting fuel in new years. 2. 2. 3 Taiwan Since the fiscal year 2001, the EPA has been subsidizing the local township, county and city political sympathiess to establish their kitchen waste collection and recycling programs.In 2007, the kitchen waste recycling program has been embodied into EPAs 2007-2012 humans evolution course of instruction-General cop alternative Recycling publicity political program, in order to acquire worthy treatment of all lay in kitchen waste and to complement the ? secret code unfounded? policy. The schemes for use or recycling of food waste include 1 study and advancement of Kitchen counteract Recycling Program foster Green Eating Habits Kitchen Waste Reduction feed Train kitchen waste recycling program line seed instructors, and seduce a bun in the oven on-the- origin teach for implementation organizations amenable personnel ? ? ? cast with schools, communities and environmental groups to make education, promotion, display and training activities ? Prepa re promotional brochures and handbooks to teach residents how to conduct kitchen waste sorting, collection and use ? ? Promote kitchen waste recycling on the radio, tune TV and news media pitch kitchen waste recycling webpages on central, county and city regimens websites. 2 install Kitchen Waste solicitation and Transportation arranging ? Implement kitchen waste collection and conveying from households, schools, military bases and punitory facilities 32 ?Modifications or purchases of garbage trucks for use in kitchen waste recycling, and purchases of kitchen waste recycling buckets ? ? Design collection zones, routes, transportation modes, and develop collection goals run aground temporary retention sites for collected kitchen waste, purchase transfer mac hinery and cleaning equipment ? place demonstration of a better-performing local government activity program, improve collection system and man- ability input. 3 assure modes of kitchen waste apply ? Reuse of kit chen waste as prey feed after high temperature sterilization, or use as organic fertiliser after composting jaw consume farms permitted to use recycled kitchen waste as feed to ensure correct feed sterilization and bull immunization ? Establish regional kitchen waste reuse factories/sites, such as high temperature sterilization facilities, composting sites, anaerobiotic digesters etc. ? ? Transport kitchen waste to spread out and compost manufacturers to produce organic fertilisers erect the select and technologies of the compost produced by local governments composting plants ? Provide inducement assistance and subsidies to toffee-nosed sector to encourage establishment of kitchen waste recycling and reuse facilities. 4 Develop markets for recycled kitchen waste products ? ? ? Establish semipermanent quality and quantity data for recycled kitchen waste Develop and quantify safety charge and tests for kitchen waste recycling and reuse products Develop and evaluate othe r feasible kitchen waste reuse options, such as act into feedstuff or adopt anaerobiotic tempestuousness ? Work with Council of culture and other local governments agriculture capable authorities or associations to jointly bring forward kitchen waste reuse means. 33 Fig 2. 21 Compost Plant in TaiwanBesides, in order to continue the kitchen waste recycling efforts and assist the local governments in establishing diversified kitchen waste reuse system, the fol dispirits kitchen waste daily collection and reuse goals have been set between 2007 and 2012 add-in 2. 1 kitchen waste daily collection and reuse goals Implementation At present, all 319 local town and township governments comprehensive are implementing the kitchen waste recycling program. through the combined efforts of EPA and local governments, the recycling rate of food waste is up to 36% in 2008 and 1977 tonnes of kitchen waste in Taiwan is recycled every day in 2009.Of the methods apply to treat food waste, abou t 75% undergoes steam treatment to make pig feed, while 24% enters composting systems and 1% undergoes other processes, like incineration. 2. 2. 4 Case of The easterly Bay municipal Utility district 34 The eastside Bay municipal Utility order (EBMUD) of the San Francisco Bay sector has done a great job in converting food waste to methane gas and later to energy. The eastern hemisphere Bay municipal Utility governs food waste energy project turns magnitude of food waste to energy through completely innate process. The eco friendly method helps nation convert their food waste to methane gas.EMBUD utilize the vivid process like the Muckbuster to turn the raw food waste to clean energy. Muckbuster is an anaerobic digester from a green firm called the SeaB and turns dilapidated food items into clean energy. The container like system has the capability to recycle fractional a ton of food waste to generate the amount of energy required to run 150 computers. Muckbuster is rende r with advanced technologies to descend methane from food waste through a biological process. The methane is later flowed through a heat and agent system to produce electricity. Fig 2. 22 Muckbuster anaerobic Digester from EcofriendBesides, the easternmost Bay municipal Utility district (EBMUD) collects and carries the pumpkin waste into its plants to produce energy. every year in the U. S. , after the Halloween, give of pumpkins will give way to the landfalls. This food waste is also recycled in EBMUD. The bacterium sectionalization of the pumpkin waste along with other food waste will produce methane gases, which can be used to produce energy. 35 Fig 2. 23 autumn pumpkin Power from Ecofriend The EBMUD was recognize in 2007 with a grant of $50,000 by the EPA to encourage it develop new methods for digesting food waste to produce methane gas.The tycoon produced by the EBMUD is used to run the regional waste water treatment plant. Fig 2. 24 EBMUDs example of turning waste i nto energy from Ecofriend 36 3 Critical Comparison 3. 1 Comparisons Mountains of food waste are a growing line in many an(prenominal) affluent countries. In Hong Kong, where batch issue to eat out, leftover food takes up much of the limited space in city landfills. So the judgement for Hong Kong recycle/reuse capability, technologies applied and strategies or policies conducted with afield countries is very fundamental. 3. 1. Recycle/Reuse ability In fact, the data of food wastes generation per person per year in diametrical countries are varied. In New Zealand, about 258,886 tonnes of food waste goes to landfill each year. That works out to be 64kg per person per year. And thats just in New Zealand. At the meanwhile, its about 70kg per person per year of food waste in UK. And the US gets a number of just about 82kg per person per year dumped into the landfill. In addition, there are several data about food waste by polar expanse shown in come across 3. 1. manikin 3. Food waste in distinguishable countries (kg/cap/year) In consideration of the population in HK, we can calculate the food wastes per person per year. According to the Census and Statistics Department in HK, the population of HK is 7,136,300 by 37 Mid-2012. By the investigating of EPD website, there is some 3,584 tonnes food waste produced in Hong Kong every day. And 3200 tonnes of food among it is sent to landfill each day. So 3584tonnes ? degree centigrade0kg /tonnes 7136300 3584tonnes ? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 3200tonnes ? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 3200tonnes ? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 ? 365 = 197kg person /year, = 0. 0kg person /day of food waste generation and ? 365 = 164kg person /year , = 0. 45kg person /day of food waste dumped into landfill would be the results. From the par of the data above, we can conclude that HK is one of the largest generation areas of food waste in the creation and that the most important and efficient way is trim back the food waste generation soon er than recycling and reusing approaches which are also indispensable. We assume that the residuals are all in all recycled or reused in a sustainable way. The recycle/reuse efficiency would be like that 3584 ? 200 ? 100% = 11% 3584 That is to say the recycle/reuse efficiency of food waste in HK is 11% at most. shelve 3. 1 Food waste recycling rates in developed Asiatic nations. Country Korea (2005) japan (2007) Taiwan (2008) capital of Singapore (2008) yearbook Food Waste Generated (ton) workaday Food Waste Generated 4,755,220 20,000,000 1,899,379 568,000 13,028 54,795 5,190 1,556 38 (ton/d) Annual Food waste recycled (ton) day-to-day Food waste recycled (ton/d) Food waste recycling rate, % Population (million) everyday Food Waste Generated per capita(kg/d/ca) Daily Food Waste Recycled per capita(kg/d/ca) 0. 6 0. 09 0. 08 0. 04 0. 27 0. 43 0. 23 0. 31 48 127 23 5 94 20 36 12 12,246 10,956 1,889 186 4,469,907 4,000,000 691374 68000 Whereas, hold over 3. 1 by and large illust rates the food waste recycling rates in developed Asian nations. With the honoring of this figure and the assumed recycle/reuse efficiency in Hong Kong, we can get the idea that the compounding of strategies implemented and the technologies applied processes better in a country order HK, Singapore, lacquer, Taiwan, and Korea. 3. 1. variant campaigns and laws in approaches to food wastes in disparate countries 39 3. 1. 2. 1 Korea 1994 Start composting demonstration projects in 12 cities. 1995 Korean government established the ? commissioning for the Management of Food Waste 1996 Kyonggi country declares ? War against food waste? 1999 Food waste collection in Suwon metropolis (Kyonggi Province) 2002 Establish a voluntary treaty for food waste reduction ( in conjunction with FIFA world cup) 2005 Direct land- cream of food waste has been banned 2006 2,520 tons of broth and food waste per day was dumped into the ocean 3. 1. 2. 2 lacquer 2001 Food waste recycling law 2004 regi onal food waste composting in Sendai 2006 Recycling of Organic Waste in Aya township reached 20%, food-related business has to submit an yearly cut through to report how the food waste is treated 2007 rewrite of Food waste recycling law Co. 2007 7-11 parent company + Agri Gaia agreement turn food waste into fleshly feedstock 3. 1. 2. Taiwan 2001 EPA starts food waste recycling in government departments 2003 Taipei starts food waste recycling policy 2006 strong Taiwan (309 towns and townships) carried out food waste collection and recycling 2007 2007-2012 Public increase Program-General Waste imagination Recycling Promotion Program 3. 1. 2. 4 Singapore 2003 Food from the Heart started the lettuce distribution program 2007 IUT + NEA + Veolia collect food waste from markets 3. 1. 2. 5 Hong Kong 40 2009 Food Waste Recycling Partnership Scheme 2011 Food Waste Recycling Projects in Housing EstatesFrom the campaigns and laws mentioned above, we can recoup that Korea, japan and Taiwan start to recycle or reuse the food waste in 1995, 2001, 2001 respectively. They start to recycle and reuse the food wastes much previous than that in Hong Kong although there is a atrocious amount of food waste generating every day. Just in 2005, Direct land-filling of food waste was already banned, however, up to now, there is still a large amount of food waste sent to the landfill for dumping. Actually, a few years ago, the approach in compost was already conducted in Korea, Japan and Taiwan. Whereas, Hong Kong uses this technology just in recent years. . 1. 3 Technologies applied in food waste forthwith most of collected food waste has been recycled to compost and animal feedstuff. A very small part is used in anaerobic digestion. Table 3. 2. Different technologies used in different nations Country Feedstock Composting Anaerobic digestion Others Korea(2005) Japan(2007) Taiwan(2007) Singapore(2008) 54. 4% 50. 0% 77. 6% 75. 5% 29. 7% 45. 0% 21. 8% 2. 4% 1. 4% 5. 0% N. A. 22. 0% 14. 4% N. A. 0. 6% 0. 1% Same situation appears in Korea, Japan and Taiwan that they recycle food waste to feed the stock at first step and to compost secondly.But the technologies applied in Singapore may be a little different that the food waste is delivered to feed livestock and then delivered to the anaerobic lagoon. The three different technologies in recycling or reusing the food waste are judged by the following illustrations. 41 3. 1. 3. 1 Food waste composting Composting is one means of reducing the hassles associated with landfills, incinerators, and other food waste disposal methods. There are as many different ways to compost as there are people who compost There are iv basic ingredients unavoidable to compostOxygen, Water, nose candy (Brown material such as wood chips, embrown leaves, or bust newspaper), and Nitrogen (Green wet waste such as grass clippings, or fruit and vegetable scraps from your kitchen). If you have these ingredients, you can compost at your home, office, or school. skeletal system 3. 2 shows how food waste flows in a composting way. epithet 3. 2 Food waste flow chart in composting way from http//www. wastereduction. unc. edu/CampusRecycling/FoodWasteComposting. aspx For food wastes compost, there are some benefits and deficiencies in it. Benefits of Compost 42 ? ? En thickes undercoat, helping retain moisture and subordinate plant diseases and pests. Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. Encourages the production of beneficial bacteria and fungi that mistake down organic matter to wee-wee humus, a rich nutrient-filled material. ? ? Reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers your carbon footprint. Compost is a sellable product Besides the illustration above, households, businesses and institutions may save money by composting items such as food scraps while sending less waste to landfills and incinerators.In addition, you can even get the payback from selling compost. Deficiency of Compost I f food waste is not incorporated into the soil it loses north to the atmosphere and may retain less nitrogen than the compost. Composting requires a time inscription to properly manage the windrows to produce quality compost. Specialized windrow turners may be required, but they can come at with a high price tag. The composting site and retention for finished product can use a enormous area of land. bullion and time may be spent advertising, packaging, and managing the business. 3. 1. 3. 2 Feed animalsThe feed of food waste or garbage to swine and other livestock animals is a common practice throughout the world and is a great deal saturated around metropolitan centers. Food plate waste (formerly referred to as garbage) may be fed to other livestock species, but has most often been used as a source of feed for swine. soaring disposal be and fees encourage the cater of food/plate waste. The advantages in applying this measure are listed below a) It can eliminate a large amo unt of food waste. 43 b) It can save the feeding cost by replacing the fodder. c) set ahead the rates of using resources . 1. 3. 3 Anaerobic digestion If 50 percent of the food waste generated each year in the U. S. was anaerobically digested, enough electricity would be generated to power 2. 5 million homes for a year. With the passing of Halloween, millions of pounds of pumpkins have turned from seasona l decorations to trash bound for compost haemorrhoid or landfills. The story is a little different in Oakland, California. Thanks to the pioneering work of the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), discarded pumpkins and other food waste are used as a source of renewable electricity. How is that affirmable? first off, waste haulers gather post-consumer food waste and deliver it to EBMUDs anaerobic digesters. intimate these giant tanks, bacteria break down the food waste and release methane gas as a byproduct. EBMUD captures this gas and uses it to generate electricity i n onsite generators. A ton of food waste provides about 367 m3 of gas, and digesting 100 tons of food wastes five days a workweek can generate enough electricity to power 1,000 homes. in one case the food waste has been digested, the remaining solids make an excellent natural fertilizer, so they can be used to get coterminous years pumpkin crop started.Figure 2. 9 shows how it works. Figure 3. 4. shows how the food waste is recycled or reused in a anaerobic digested way. Firstly, the food waste from industrial, commercial and schools will be collected. And then it will be sent into centralise Anaerobic Digestion. aft(prenominal) the anaerobic digestion for food waste, it will be converted into two valuable products, renewable ener gy and fertilizer, which is used to supply electric power and indirectly reduce the GHGs from burn glowing in the caloric power plant and amend soil respectively. 44 Figure 3. 4 Food waste flowchart in anaerobic digestion way.The merits for anaerobi c digestion are listed below a) Generated biogas can be recycled and utilized. It can be used directly as a fuel or for biogas power generation. b) c) Digestion residues (ie, residual sludge) can be used as immemorial organic fertilizer raw materials. The arduous sludge dewatering try can be used as plant fertilizer or aquaculture utilization. d) e) f) The olfactory perception is easy to interpret and hard to escape. Compared with the compost product, organics can be more completely and equally composted. The treatment effect is changeless and suitable for engineering applications. 3. . 4 Barrie rs in food waste recycle/reuse in Hong Kong There is a large capacity of food waste generation in Hong Kong as above mentioned. just a certain small part is disposed in a Green way and the other part is largely dumped into the landfill. This will not only have an adverse effect on our environment but also cause the resources waste. wherefore 45 does the situation in HK act like this ? First of all, the amount of food waste generation in HK is bigger and larger while EPD is only concentrating in the technologies of food waste recycle/reuse quite an than reducing food wastes from the sources.The omit of education in food wastes may be the second reason. Hong Kong is a multi-cultural city with numerous restaurants. However, the public lacks the concept of saving food. In neighbouring countries like Korea and Taiwan, the average food waste amount per person is 20-30% less. Thirdly, the number of effective policies in Hong Kong introduced to the food waste manage ment is lower than some other countries. A project in Taiwan called ? 2007-2012 Public Development Program-General Waste Resource Recycling Promotion Program? was conducted to achieve proper treatment of all collected food waste and to complement the ? range in Waste? policy. In Guangzhou, ? Interests bind system? ( ) was introduced that residents who were taking an active part in the garbage categorisa tion, organizers and sanitisation workers would earn a certain amount of money according to the benefits of recycled resources. So it really makes a federation between households and garbage classification and encourages people to be more motivated in protecting our environment. Fourthly, the recent frizzy increase of premium and rent are force the development o f recycled food wastes. In 2001, EPD promotes a programme called Environment and Conservation Fund ?Community Waste Recovery Projects? which is attracted by lots of communities to participate. However, the sharp cost in maintaining the projects almost results in the end of the plans lifetime. Fifthly, the technologies in recycling and reusing the food wastes are not developed very well and many programmes are just on the way. In Japan, TM smoke invented ERS (Environmental Recycling placement) that is a High-Speed Composting (Fermentation & Drying) System which can convert a clasp of organic matter or waste into value- added products such as fertilizer or animal feed within 2-24 hours. objet dart in Hong Kong, it unremarkably takes half a calendar month in converting the food wastes 46 to composts. In Sweden, 35% of the recycled food is devoted to be fermented with methane to generate electric power. Last but not least, the mass approaches in recycling the food waste in Hong Kong is composting. The government also encourages the genitalia to convert the food wastes to composts. However, the composts offered by the genitals were hard to be found the markets. Many people who lost their capital in compost investiture ever are not sure-footed with this technology.In addition, Food waste is always combine with general waste in the kitchen e. g. plastics, knife, cans etc and food waste set is usually too heavy to move. And for most of the hotels and restaurants, additional storage space is needed for food waste. 3. 2 Recommendations The problem of food waste is not only about technical issues su ch as waste treatment beyond that, cultural themes like the idea of consumption and human descent with nature are involved too.Moreover, the solution to it should not be restricted to respective(prenominal) action government policy and even cultural change should also play a significant role. From two frameworks in reducing food waste in UK and US as references, the suggestions for the solutions elaborated below are in a same order which are shown in Figure 3. 5 and 3. 6. 47 Figure 3. 5 The food waste pyramid from http//www. companyshop. ltd. uk/corporate-social-responsibility/disposal-route. aspx Figure 3. The food waste pyramid from US. http//www. epa. gov/foodrecovery/The government or the organizations face with food waste should make some public service advertisements about the impacts on the environment, create a website to educate public in food waste reduction and even can organize some activities to enhance the peoples inclusion body of the food waste knowledge and fam ishment in other countries. In addition, the society should set up a sink concept for the food consumption. 48 An organization called Food nonesuch in Hong Kong is on the job(p) excellent in reducing the food waste from source. It collects food from all segments of food industry which is usually abandoned due to some reasons.Then they prepare healthy nutritionary meal boxes in their own professional kitchen and finally deliver the meal boxes to individuals and families in need. The government should encourage and reward the organizations like Food nonesuch who can reduce the food waste from sources. The government should make several effective policies on the food waste. System of rewards and penalties to the sympathy organizations and commercial companies associated with the food waste should be set up. And more programme on reducing the food waste from sources should be carried out and promote to be conducted.In addition, new and high efficiency technologies should be made a n effort to develop. Furthermore, due to the high cost including premium and the rent for food waste recycling, EPD should give a hand like increase the amount of subsidy to the delegacy to help them to turn the corner. Generally speaking, in consideration with the right away situation in HK, the experiences from Korea and Japan can be a good example to learn with. We deduce that the food waste recycled in Hong Kong should follow in this order 1) Feed animals 2)Used to compost 3)Deliver to the anaerobic lagoon.The reason for the first one is that the animals can have a good digestion with it and only generate manure rather than leachate or waste residuals. The reason for the second one is that proper compost may content the market and also reduce a certain amount of food waste to be dumped into landfill. The last reason is that after the anaerobic digestion itll generate electric power which can be used by residents and can also reduce the carbon dioxide from coal burning in Tsing Yi Power Station. In addition, new and high efficiency technologies should be made an effort to develop.To acquire best cost-efficiency and the lowest impact on the environment, the crew of 3 main technologies in now should be conducted as well. To make the technologies run safely and 49 smoothly, food waste classification should also be in deep consideration. At the meanwhile, people who are authorized by EPD may have the right to shred when they check the classification of the food waste. In the future, we may transfigure food waste into laundry detergent, plastic ingredients, and a waiter of everyday products, in a uncovering that may ease pressure on the citys bulging landfills.According to the investigate made by an environmental scientist at City University of Hong Kong, food waste can be alter into bioenergy that can be used to generate heat and electricity, and at the same time reduce the volume of food waste destined for landfills by at least 50%. 4 Conclusion Whil e our neighbor record and Taiwan made an great operation in the food waste problem, Hong Kong just started to focus on this kind of problem because of the full- load of landfills by 2018. The collection and recycling strategies applied in recent years may reduce the volume of food waste sent to landfill.But as Hong Kong is one of the largest generation areas of food waste in the world, it is still ambiguous whether the recycling rate of food waste can catch up with the present increasing rate of food waste. Therefore, the government should pay more attention on the minimization of food waste and the cooperation with wildcat organization to reduce the generation of food waste in the future. With both the strategies of minimization and reuse/recycling, the food waste prob lems can be solved effectively in Hong Kong.