The Symbol Veil In Muslim Women Religion Essay

The Symbol Veil In Islamic Wo manpower Religion EssayThis seek paper aims to define the symbol ef expression in Islamic women. out from be a form of dress or hijab, it bears symbols of their oppression, social control, spectral sanctions, invisibility and socio- governmental attitude, according to Watson. This has been an almost global concern for a ace of freedom.In Saudi Arabia and some recrudesces of Asia alone as substanti anyy as North Africa, countries identical Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt and Northern Cameroon exert Islam as a monotheistic holiness with Quran as their sacred text and Islamics as followers. Wherein, its women fork out been the part of a continuous discussion. Topics include the issue of the screen and how sort outs have been separated into card of maintaining its practice or not.Some admits a total ignorance of their religion and culture, fleck at that place argon Islamic feminists who have shown a passion to reclaiming the emancipatory messa ge of the Quran on using overwhelms as part of the earliest traditions in Muslim communities. Such a scenario has attracted angers and frustrations in retort to the deliberate racism afflicted on Muslims especially in US colonies.Moreover, when Muslim women use covers showing a pictogram of ignorance and oppression, it has given devotion to the younger population. Following patriarchy means having power over womens lives and in this lieu, these Muslim women wants to free themselves from its bonds. They want an opposite(prenominal)s to see themselves as an active part of the community vying for the comparable equal rights that allows them to be its members, workers as well as reformists. If the static colonial image of a Muslim charwoman clothing a enshroud does not improve in the future, they can span their own culture and faith in religion.ChaptersWhat is a Veil?A veil is a piece of loose, opaque, non-distinctive clothing wrapped around the body in modest to be able to h ide a weargonrs head, body and ankles, but leaving the face, hands and feet exposed (Hoodfar, 1992.) In Muslim women, it is called (Woodlock, 2000) hijab, a simple headscarf. Why should they wear a veil? It is part of their identity.On the other hand, Arab men are required to wear the keffiyeh, a tralatitious square cotton cloth that is use as a headdress. former(a) names are (ya)shmagh, ghutrah, hattah or mashadah (Kaitlin, 2008.) Importantly, a veil is worn as a religious item in the Islam faith, because members show demonstrates delight in to an objective lens or space. In Quranic versify, it means that there is a definition of insulation in the sacred from the mundane. In the entire practice of Islam dress codes, its women members vie to realize a whole and complete image on being a pure and dedicated mother, sister, sister-in-law or daughter of their faith (Billaud, 2009.)Before, all members were asks to wear a veil, but with the entry of westernization and colonization there was a separation of responsibilities to wear one (Hoodfar, 1992.) Among the Arab urban elite, men began to copy advanced-sprung(prenominal) ways to dressing from their traditional keffiyeh. Yet, there are in like manner a small percentage of Muslim women following the same pattern (Hoodfar, 1992.)The veil also underwent varied changes to fashions by dint of out register. Some reasons entitle have on away a veil to show respect on conventional determine or there are others who uses this to beautify their faces with make-up. Nevertheless, there have been other negative connotations to the symbol of a veil to which it can show a fundamentalist Islam in equal cost on extremism or act of terrorism (Van Santen, 2010.) Today, it bears a political meaning. Yet, Muslim women still continue to defend this choice.Its Origins and linguistic processThe practice of wearing a veil in seclusion of women comes from a pre-Islamic and non-Arab Middle Eastern and Mediterranean society tradition. If we trace along the history line, the first instance to gauze dates back to the 13th century BC in an Assyrian legal text. During that time, only respectable women are permitted to wear veils, wherein prostitutes are not allowed wear a veil (Hoodfar, 1992.) It was a sign of status and a part of the elite ways in ancient Greeco, Roman, pre-Islamic Persian and Byzantine empires. After then, Muslims was able to seclude a life from the conquered regions and followed traditions in wearing veils. Nowadays, both non-Muslims and Muslims recognize this way as an Islamic phenomenon. blush if in the Quran, there are no specific mentions of the veil.Examples of descriptions, but not directly mentioning the use of veil, are Surah al Nur verses 30 31. This requires women to cover their chests and jewelry, which also means to wrap their whole body in clothing. Adding to this is Surah al Ahzab verse 59, that asks the Prophet wives to enveloped tightly their bodies, because they are should not be recognized, disturbed and molested outside. though mod critics have rationalized that others also follow this form of dress, it was not until Safavids peak of influence that the symbol status of veils was seen in the Muslim ruling course of action and urban elite. In 19th century, it was promoted as a major Muslim symbol, which members have fought for in the name of Islam and not for protecting culture practices.Honor, gauze and Etiquette in AfghanistanNo Muslim woman can embody the face of Islam. Any insight to wearing a veil does not account for a completely understanding on the faith of Muslim women. The conduct of discussing its purposes and symbolism is to keep an open-mind and listen (Kaitlin, 2008.) The hide practices widely differ from regions, ethnics or social groups. In Afganistan, a veil is corresponds to honor (Billaud, 2009.) In here, a woman shows a devotion to the honor system through doing a pardah5 that can comprise of wrapping her head and hiding from unrelated men. When she does this, there is also a proud bearance to the honor of her male relatives or namus. Hence, in this region, a veil is symbolizing of a male-female connection in terms of relationships and balance in natural inclinations or nafs. Furthermore, the multitude of veil chadari modify is also another thing to interpret.On top this variations, a veil is also a way in the isolation of unrelated men and women in Afghanistan. Examples of these persons are the ones not affiliated with the same korwal or the inhabitants communion a home. The society marks a difference amid its private and ordinary members, wherein a dakhili (the private sphere or home) is secluded and the biruni (outside innovation) is permitted to recognition. Moreover, the practice of namus allows a reliable power from men that allow them to control women, which confine their readiness when seen outside. If you are there, you can here men saying Zan namus e mas (The woman is our ho nour) (Billaud, 2009.) Similar to soldiers saying Watan namus e mas (The nation is our honour.) During the time that a woman steps outside of her home, she wears a veil and go with a mahram or a male relative to be able to defend her honor as part of the Afghanistan etiquette.Veiled Performance and PoliticsIn neo times, the Islamic feminists have shown great efforts to reclaiming the emancipatory message of their Quran. They also want to gain back the rights that were bestowed upon them in the earliest Muslim communities (Falah Nagel, 2005.) Islamic regions have dual-lane their own stories for this matter. Here are some of themPolitics in Afghanistan the new Islamic Republic has allowed its clothing and gauze bandage practices to be under political category, which are mandatory to women to reach out to the public. Now, there are similarities between the image of parliamentary women and female university students that are Muslims in Afghanistan and whom displays a modern yet Mus lim persona. The latter renounce the womens issues just to protect the practice of wearing their veils. Hence, Afghanistan women are divided into 2 categories the conservative or nationalistic and liberal women (Billaud, 2009.)2. Irans De- veiling Law this was promulgated during the taking place of a speedy social change from a mayhem on its national parsimony results of negative impact on the public, social, and leisure activities of its urban women going to hebdomadary ablutions in an offending feeling of nakedness and a social suggestion bestowed on young women students when not wearing a scarf in public wherein parents hindered entry to schools (Hoodfar, 1992.)3. Struggles in Northern Cameroon this shows an account to an image seen on Muslim women that they are a homogeneous category. To which, in public schools, wearing of a headgear is asked to be taken off inside the premise as required by the laic prescriptions of Cameroons constitution. Though there is no buzz on this matter. In this lieu, men choose to enter schools were veiling is allowed, while women opt for education (van Santen, 2010.)Womens Rights Activists SituationsThe Revolutionary knowledge of the Women in AfghanistanIn the manner, a lot of womens rights activists, while opposing the need in veiling of women under chadari, use the practice to enjoy freedom of heading while carrying out tasks. The chadari was a symbol of womens oppression, but now in pagan norms, they were able to be active citizens fighting for a change in the community. The said hadari was a guarantee of womens protection in Afghanistan, wherein they need the veil during travelling to remote areas where security was often tight.In this lieu, the Revolutionary Association of the Women in Afghanistan is a very good example of a group with an submissive nature of the chadari in inline with the goals of being politically engaged women (Billaud, 2009.) For certain their records are part of history under the human and wo mens rights. The Taliban realizes this under the chadari. When working(a) in rural areas, this was worn for security reasons, during times that people tended to be suspicious on persons from the outside world. This was a strategy used by Rahela6, who is a member of the Afghan Womens Network, when she taught mullahs on womens rights in rural areas. She said, At first, it was difficult for us, women, to approach mullahs. They were reluctant to talk to us. But they gradually got used to us. By wearing chadari, we eventually gained their respect.Egyptian Feminist Movement in the 1920sDisobedience of the patriarchy can be seen in the de veiling act started by the Egyptian feminist movement during the 1920s and to the same situation resistance happening for a call to compulsory veiling in Iran. In here, we can see that aside from being a part of culture and religion, the veil can also be a form and symbol of resistance, for example in the case of the anti Shah movement that took place in Iran.In the same context, there were a come of Islam feminists Muslim women in Canada who have used the veil and reference to Islam during their quench in the country, because they wanted to resist some of the cultural practices that their forefathers have believed, like arranged marriages or far away educations from home without secluding from their parents and communities.Though, in Egypt, a lot veiled Muslim women use it as an instrument of intermediation significantly seen from Muslim minority cultures and those of host cultures. Strangely passable, Western colonies reactions to Muslim women, as seen through the eyes of an Orientalist and colonialist frame, sets barricades on the customs and traditions of Muslim women to be difficult and opposite to their usual way of lives (Hoodfar, 1992.)ConclusionIn conclusion, the veil is not so significant, after all, but it is who wears it that lies in importance. When in public, a Muslim woman shows people who see her in the outside world a marginal status that is of respect and honor. Not for culture and religion causes or even fashion. The series of incidents mentioned this paper have made me embrace why a lot of young Muslim women today are so angry and have decided to fight for their rights together with other believers of Islam. This research paper aims define the symbol veil in Muslim women. According Watson in 1994, OR NON-MUSLIM WRITERS, THE VEIL IS VARIOUSLY DESCRIBED AS A TANGIBLE SYMBOL OF WOMENS OPPRESSION, A CONSTRAINING AND CONSTRICTING level OF DRESS, AND A FORM OF SOCIAL CONTROL, RELIGIOUSLY SANCTIONING WOMENS INVISIBILITY AND place SOCILA-POLITICAL STATUS.I did not want to diminish or question the religious beliefs of the Muslim women in Islamic communities, but rather to underline and put emphasis on the possibilities that can be resulting through the reiteration of these maidenlike ceremonials. Since, it would be like a forever burden or faulting if the veil is lessened in reputation an d disrespected in symbolism, which are its instrumental functions to the women, especially the young students in schools. Though, talking about the topic of veil, it was enough to see in it a pure religious expression. Reverence and trick for it were indeed political gestures in my side that place defense on it as the necessary social make-up for women to be seen and heard through the public scenario. Moreover, if the Western colonies will only have a deeper abbreviation of Muslim womens motives and actions in their practicing their beliefs, efforts by these women can be recognized as strategies and adaption in relationship with them, displaying different roles in the foreign community that should be basing on to the different Western citizen they wished to address themselves.

Effect of Odour and Lighting Intensity on Memory Recall

Effect of Odour and Lighting Intensity on retention fallGalindez, Dale GilbertVargonla, Sebastian FrancoYarte, Sonja LynnZaidem, Arwin AlexisThe Effect of Intensity of Odor and Lighting of Environment to Memory RecallThe principle of encode specificity has been a primeval factor for computer store pull away. It has been make up that a individual has a higher chance of retrieving an training if they are in the kindred place where they h hoar back encoded the study (Tulving and Thomson, 1973). However, withal if a person is in the exact place where he encoded the information, at that place are factors that should be considered to make the principle of encoding specificity stronger.A key factor would be attention. Attention usually refers to concentration on a particular aspect of the external purlieu, although it is possible to attend to iodines own thoughts and other internal states. The essence of the typical use of the depot is captured in a statement by 19th cent ury German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz, who noned that an observer who is steadily gazing at a fixation saphead can, at the same time, concentrate attention on any presumptuousness part of the opthalmic field. The level in space, to which one is directing ones eyeball and the point to which one is attending to, thus are not necessarily the same, and one does not have to move the eyes to shift visual attention (Chastain, 2014).Another would be state-dependent retrospect. A person is more likely to recoup an information if he is back in the original state when he first encoded the information. An example would be if a person consumed a substantial bill of alcohol when they learned a certain information. There is a higher probability for the person to hark back the same information if he is to consume the same substantial amount of alcohol compared to trying to remember the information without consuming alcohol at all.If those two factors are important in retentivenes s renounce, then the simplification or removal of either factors will make encoding specificity meaning(a)ly wonkyer. In that case, we, the researchers, plan on testing whether intensity of sense of smell and punk of the environs will have a significant topic to memory recall.Because of these two factors that uphold memory recall, we have formulated questions which we intend to strike about. We question if the intensity of odor alone will have a significant pitch to memory recall. We also question if the lighting of an environment alone will have a significant effect to memory recall. Finally, we also question if both the intensity of odor and lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory recallWe have formulated three hypotheses that will answer our research questions. We deal that the intensity of odor will have a significant effect to memory recall. We also believe that the lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory re call. Lastly, we believe that the intensity of odor and lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory recall.Literature ReviewAfter the study has been through by Tulving and Thomson in 1973, more people questioned that the validity of the study seemed more correlational than causational. Because of these uncertainties, many studies were done after the original study.Pointer and Bond (1998) use the same principle but it was focused on the context-dependent memory. The study was done by having the participants remember a passage which was previously chunked for 21 times. The news breed in which the passage was printed was scented with marri, and was colored bright yellow. Then, the researchers measured how many chunks the participants were equal to(p) to remember after they were made to answer a contrive search puzzle. A half or a full point was given to the participants for every right chunk they gave. It was found out that context-dependent memory is pre sent in the olfactive move, but not in the visual cue.Another study based from the original study was Encoding Specificity Manipulations do Affect Retrieval from Memory (Zeelenberg, 2005). The study describes two kinds of errors people may make with regards to memory. One is errors of omission wherein people fail to retrieve information in their memory and the other one is errors of commission wherein people retrieve information that did not truly happen. This study focuses and questions the idea of how people report what they have retrieved. The study mainly points out that what the participants have retrieved, whether right or wrong, is not necessarily what they report. Participants in an encoding specificity experiment may actually have retrieved the right book of accounts but due to their lack of self-assertion and in an attempt to reduce the number of mistakes they might commit, they do not report what they have retrieved.Due to the experimenters awareness that errors lik e this may reckon their results, the method they used were the presentation of a target word, which the participants should retrieve. However, this target word had two cue words, which were presented to the participants, were something that they could use as convalescence cues.Another study, jump on differences in encoding specificity (Puglisi JT et al, 1988) focuses on how the encoding specificity ability of people are affected by age. In their experiment, participants were divided into 2 conferences the first were a group of young adults who had an average age of 19.2, and the second group were old adults with an average age of 71.4. The study task presented had targets and retrieval cues that had either a strong or a weak semantic relationship. Additionally, cues presented at recall were either the same as or different from those presented at encoding, resulting in four encoding cuesretrieval cue combinations (a) strong encoding cue and (same) strong retrieval cue (b) weak en coding cue and (same) weak retrieval cue (c) weak encoding cue and (different) strong retrieval cue (d) strong encoding cue and (different) weak retrieval cue. (Puglisi JT et al, 1988). Participants were able to recall the target words better when cues at encoding were the same when it was presented to them at retrieval, as compared to participants whose cues in encoding were different in retrieval.They found out however, that when old adults were under divided attention when received communicative cues, there was more evidence of general encoding rather than encoding specificity.Moss study, Modulation of cognitive motion and mood by aromas of peppermint and ilang-ilang focuses on how the aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang oils help in the cognitive performance of people. Their cognitive performances were measured using the Cognitive Drug Research Computerized perspicacity System. One group of participants were unresolved to the aromas of peppermint and another one was expose d to the aroma of ylang-ylang. There was also a control group, in which there was no exposure to any kind of aroma. The results showed that the group that was exposed to the ylang-ylang had better cognitive performance than the control group while the group that was exposed to the peppermint scent did not have a significant difference to the cognitive performance of those in the control group.ReferencesChastain, G. (2014). Attention. Salem compaction Encyclopedia Of Health,Miles, C., Jenkins, R. (2000). Recency and suffix effects with immediate recall of olfactory stimuli. Memory, 8(3), 195-205. doi10.1080/096582100387605Moss, M., Hewitt, S., Moss, L., Wesnes, K. (2008). Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. The International Journal Of Neuroscience, 118(1), 59-77.Puglisi, J., Park, D., Smith, A., Dudley, W. (1988). Age Differences in Encoding Specificity.Journal of Gerontology, P145-P150.Pointer, S. C., Bond, N. W. (1998). Contex t-dependent memory tinge versus odour.Chemical Senses, 23(3), 359-362.Tulving, E., Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes inepisodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352-373. doi10.1037/h0020071Zeelenberg, R. (2004). Encoding specificity manipulations do affect retrieval frommemory. Acta Psychologica, 107-121.

The Psychology Of Team Sports

The psychological science Of ag free radical enjoyments bodacious and G subspecies, (1997) outlined the brilliance of separate up structure fount for in athletics when they suggested whether a ag free radical is successful or not is frequently attributed to the in mental picture(p)ness of their assortwork. To develop the potent police squad many ag pigeonholing construct programs attempt to augment gluiness amongst a group as police squad ropiness toilet dissemble deed (Eys et al, 2005). Different atomic number 18as of group kinetics trick be mapping to increase squad up viscidity, this section of the report forget focus on the research conducted on attractorship, voice equivocalness and final stage background.Leadership is an great component for developing cohesiveness in sports groups (Carron et al, 2005). It has been suggested that tack togetherive leadership is a vital contributor to constituent satis concomitantion (Reimer Chellandura i, 1995). Leadership behaviours and styles adopted can sport a big disturb on squad cohesion and accompanying cognitive operation. (Carron et al. 2005)An early study, investigating the relationship betwixt (the managing directores) leadership behaviours and team cohesion at bottom sports teams, undercoat adopting a pop style produced higher(prenominal) levels of chore cohesion (leeward et al. 1993). In run bundle, a variety of studies inform that an increase in social have behaviour increased task cohesion (Lee et al. 1993, Westre Weiss, 1991 Riemar Chellandurai, 1995). One study, Riemar Chellandurai, (1995) went further and examined the leadership behaviours preferred and perceived by players depending on their position. They found defensive athletes perceived and preferred higher levels of social support and democratic and autocratic styles past the offensive athletes. They also found member contentment was greatly influenced by social support.More recent resear ch has tended to focus on the office staff of the athlete as a leader in spite of appearance the team, for example, the captain. look has suggested athlete leaders argon in fact better than coaches at administering leadership behaviours, such as a democratic decision making style and social support (Loughead and Hardy, 2005). Whats more, further research has been conducted to assess unalike types of athlete leadership. For example, Loughead et al, (2006) disc overed both types of leader within a sports team a team captain and a partner leader (supplies leadership to at least 2 team members). In addition, Eys et al, (2007) investigated how 218 athletes perceived the athlete leader distributions within their sports teams. Their results suggest that members of a team ar more satisfied when 3 leadership roles (social, task, external) are performed to the homogeneous extent regard slight of how many are leaders present within the team.Carron et al, (2005) identified undivided c larification of role responsibilities to be one of the about important factors in sport. The vast volume of research on role states in team sports has been on role equivocalness (role clarity) and its relation to accomplishment using the conceptual model proposed by Beauchamp et al, (2002).The effect role ambiguity had on both task cohesion and task self cleverness was investigated by Eys Carron (2001). They concluded that members within basketb solely teams who were unsure of their role responsibilities, reported lower levels of attraction towards the team and felt their team was less incorporate in their task approach.Another study, Eys et al, (2003) demonstrated that team members perceptions of role ambiguity diminish without a warring mollify. Additionally, although perceptions of role ambiguity are individual, members of a team could share the same beliefs. Finally, new editions to the team are more likely to perceive role ambiguity compared to experienced members of the team at the start of the season. Nevertheless, as the authors suggested, the results of this study pull up stakesing be trying to apply to other team sport sticktings (e.g age group, war-ridden standards) as it was undertaken on a homogeneous population (Eys et al, 2003).It has also been reported that great role ambiguity and role clarity could affect an athletes self efficacy, cheer and consummation. These factors could not only affect the individual but the team as a whole (Forsyth, 1999). Beauchamp Bray (2001) investigated university athletes perceptions of role ambiguity and role struggle among their respective sports teams. Results demonstrated that members who perceived greater levels of role ambiguity and conflict had lower levels of efficacy and were less inclined to perform their role responsibilities. This is coinciding with Bandura, (1997) who suggested a decrease in persistence and effort testament evanesce if the athlete is undecipherable of their role . The associated work is also likely to suffer (Bandura, 1997) as indicated by Beauchamp et al, (2002) who found a negative relationship mingled with role efficacy and role exertion. Additionally, the relationship between leadership and role ambiguity could prove further understanding of this subject (Eys et al, 2003).The more detailed, specific and gainsay yet hard-nosed a refinement is the more effective it depart be (Gould, 1993). However, research found team members a great deal set themselves unclear and generally descriptive goals (Brawley et al, 1992).In addition, when Dawson et al, (2002) interviewed varsity athletes to get their goal lay habits, they found team members set personal goals and their respective teams had group goals. Research has indicated that team as opposed to individual goals are better for up team sport performance (Johnson et al, 1997). The authors demonstrated how subjects who set team goals alter their bowling performance in cricket, yet sub jects who set personal goals did not.The addition of team goals to a group has proven successful in the past. Lee (1988) found that adding team goals to female hockey teams had a positive effect on team performance. This was concurrent with Senecal et als, (2008) study of female basketball players. all over a season grand treatment, they found team cohesion strongly increased in the hitch group compared to the project groups when they utilised team goal position. Furthermore, Mellalieu et al. (2006) found a goal aspect program with professional person rugby players to have a positive impact on performance. It has been suggested that goal setting can enhance team cohesion by providing a team focus (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997). Focusing on one goal can repair group communication, load and satisfaction, modify group cohesion and subsequent performance (Carron Spink, 1993)Nevertheless, there have not been many studies carried out in sport that have investigated the effect o f team goals on team performance (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997), with the majority of studies conducted outside of the sport setting (Weingart, 1992).Team building interventionA team goal setting program was chosen as the intervention topic to improve team cohesion (see appendix a). azoic research from Widemeyer et al, (1992), as cited in Widemeyer Ducharme (1997) found athletes felt having a team goal was the most significant contributor to task cohesion from a choice of 35 variables. More recently, Stevens Bloom (2003) found team goals to be the most effective topic to utilise in a team building intervention. The follo advanceg team building intervention applied principles from Eys et al, (2006) in Senecal et al. (2008), Widemeyer Ducharme, (1997) and Widemyer McGuire, (1996) in Carron et al, (2005). mistreat 1 Developing Long term goalsFirstly, the athletes and coaches will work together to decide the long term goal of the team (Kyllo Landers, 1995) for example, achieve a top 3 position in the league. This will take place during an all day workshop during the first week of pre season. The athletes will work in small sub groups of 3-4 and prove long team goals for the team (Eys et al, 2005). Once the sub groups have decided a long term goal, the coach will redeem the goals on the blank board and the team will discuss together (Dale Wrisberg, 1996), narrowing down to one specific and measured goal (Gould, 1993). The Long term goal will then be posted in the changing cortege for the remainder of the season, to dish up motivate the athletes (Weldon Weingart, 1988).Step 2 developing utterly term outcome goalsTo achieve the long term goal, specific and measurable (Carron et al, 2005) short term goals will be set as stepping stones (Kingston Hardy, 1997), for example, win the next 3 out of 5 games. To decide the goals, the coach will remind the players of last seasons statistics (eg. Wins, losses, league position) (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997). After t he long term goals are decided, the players will use these statistics and repeat the same surgical process as in step 1 by getting into subgroups (Eys et al, 2005). Once discussed, 5-6 specific and realizable short term outcome goals will be decided (Widemeyer Mcguire, 1996)Step 3 Developing short term performance goalsIn addition, the players will set performance goals during a second all day workshop, 2 weeks into the pre season. The use of multiple goal setting strategies has been shown to be more adept to performance (Filby et al, 1999). For this intervention, the players will only be working towards team goals as previous research has suggested team goals are better for improving team performance (Johnson et al, 1997) and that individually hidden goals have no significant impact on performance (Kyllo Landers, 1995).The performance goals will be decided through the use of performance profiling (Dale Wrisberg, 1996). This will be a group profile for the team as a whole. Fir stly, the players will discuss what characteristics they deliberate a successful football team has. The players will express their opinions to the coach while they write them down onto a white board. The characteristics will direct to be specific, so if there too general they will be re-evaluated until clearer. When the athletes and coach are happy that at least ten capture characteristics are on the white board, the players will individually and anonymously write all the characteristics off the white board on to paper. Examples of characteristics could be put 100% effort into every development session and game, winning over 80% of their aerial battles. The players will then proceed to evaluate their teams characteristics between a scale of 1-10, with 1 be weak and 10 being strong. Once end, from each one characteristic will be calculated as a mean. The lowest mean scores will be the areas certain into performance goals that the team will aim to achieve. Additionally, the c oach will use the same procedure to demonstrate their perceptions of the team. At the next group collision the team will discuss the results (lowest scores) and agree on 5-6 performance goals to improve their perceived weaknesses (Dale Wrisberg, 1996).When the specific performances goals are established, the team needs to decide realistic yet challenging prat levels for these goals (eg. more than 5 shots on target per game) (Carron et al, 2005). To make sure their realistic and challenging the coach will once more provide the athletes with statistics from last season (eg. shots on goal, tackles won). The sub group procedure used in step 1 and 2 will be utilized to achieve this (Eys et al, 2005). After negotiations the team will conclude the confiscate targets for their team. This process will be repeated during the middle and the end vizor of the competitive calendar (Dale Wrisberg, 1996) so that the performance goals can be updated throughout the seasonStep 4 Monitoring and e valuation of short and long term goalsThe Long and short term goals will be continually monitored throughout the intervention. Prior to every tally and practice session (1 of each per week) throughout the pre and competitive season the team will be reminded of the goals they set for themselves in attempt to provide a focus for the team and help motivate the players (Weldon Weingart, 1988). To do this team goals will be written on the white board in the changing rooms, the coach will then highlight the importance of these goals during their team talk.In addition, by and by each match team statistics (eg. goals scored and corners won in that game) and the statistics for the agreed performance indices will be posted in the changing rooms. The team members can then look at the statistics and measure their progress towards their target levels.Step 5 update team goalsAfter every 3-5 games, the coach and players will work with the intervention specialist on evaluating and possibly updat ing the team goals if needed, eg. Removing or adding performance goals and changing the target level (Senecal et al, 2008). This will be achieved using their performance statistics from the previous 3-5 games and the characteristics of their next 3-5 opponents (Widemeyer McGuire, 1996). Again, the procedure demonstrated in step 1 will be used to administer the changes.Stage 6 sycophancy continued progress toward team goalsDuring the intervention the coach will continually openly praise his team when they do well and progress toward their team goals, feedback on goal progress may enhance the use of team goals (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997).Step 7 post intervention check.1 week after the intervention was completed A 5 question, post intervention questionnaire (Stevens Bloom, 2002) was completed by every player to assess the effectiveness of the intervention (Senecal et al, 2008). In addition, 1 and 3 months after the intervention is completed interviews will be conducted with each pla yer (Stevens Bloom, 2003). Players will be instructed to relax and openly discuss their opinions of the TBIs effectiveness.Critical analysis of team building interventions in sportTeam building interventions are designed to improve group performance by increasing group cohesiveness (Carron et al, 1997). However previous studies have produced complex results on the effectiveness of team building interventions (TBI) on improving cohesion. round were effective (Voight Callaghan, 2001 Senecal et al, 2008 McClure Foster 1991 Mellalieu et al, 2006) and few were unsuccessful (Prapavessis et al, 1996 Cogan Petrie, 1996 Stevens Bloom, 2002). One study, Steven Bloom (2003) found their TBI to be effective during the pre season but not throughout the competitive season.Nevertheless, Brawley Paskevich (1997) have highlighted many mannerological alludes with the research conducted using team building interventions. For example, the pre-test, post-test experimental design employed by various TBI (Voight Callaghan 2001 Senecal et al, 2008 Prapevessis et al, 1996 Stevens Bloom, 2002 Mellalieu et al, 2006) makes it difficult to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Although three of these studies were effective (Voight Callaghan 2001 Senecal et al, 2008 Mellalieu et al, 2006), due to the absence of measures throughout the competitive season, although likely it makes it difficult to determine whether or not it was the TBI that improved performance or outside interference, questioning the validity of their results. For example, Brawley Paskevich, (1997) suggested leadership change a less competitive calendar or the loss of an unsettling member could have all influenced team cohesion independent of the TBI. nigh studies that employed a quasi experimental design (Cogan Petrie, 1996 Stevens Bloom, 2003) reported their TBI to be ineffective at improving team cohesion. The design could be the reason for their lack of significant results. A quasi experim ental design rarely admits random duty assignment making it difficult to determine whether factors such as differences in learn style and team atmosphere affected the results (Stevens Bloom, 2003). Randomly assigning members to different teams, allows experimenters to observe which treatment of the TBI infers change (Brawley Paskevich, 1997). One study employed an experimental design (Mclure Foster, 1991). The results of their study suggested their intervention was effective at increasing cohesion among gymnasts. The positive results of their study could be attributed to the experimental design as this method includes random assignment. Therefore they were able to notice a difference in cohesion amongst randomly assigned athletes without interference from some of the problems mentioned above.Furthermore, some studies did not utilise a control group, one was effective at improving cohesion (Voight Callaghan 2001) another was ineffective (Bloom Stevens 2002). The absence of a control group however, questions the validity of Voight Callaghans (2001) results. As suggested by Brawley Paskevich, (1997) it is difficult to establish whether their TBI was actually the display case for the improvement in performance as there were no control or placebo groups to compare the results to. In addition, as Stevens Bloom (2002) did not include a control group, whether or not cohesion levels would have decreased over the season and therefore whether or not the intervention was accommodating to the team is unclear.Additionally, the duration of the TBI is another methodological concern identified by Brawley Paskevich (1997). It has been suggested interventions are fairly slow processes (French Bell, 1984) and at least 1 season of a TBI is needed to produce results of any significance (Brawley Paskevich, 1997). Therefore the results of studies that lasted less than a season (Prapavessis et al, 1996 Mellalieu et al, 2006) may not portray the long-term set up of the intervention. Studies that have lasted at least a season (Senecal et al, 2008 Mclure Foster 1991 Stevens Bloom, 2002 Voight Callaghan, 2001 Stevens Bloom, 2003 Cogan Petrie, 1996) are more likely to provide clearer results. In addition, although the vast majority some of these studies administered post intervention checks (Cogan Petrie, 1996 Senecal et al, 2008 Mellalieu et al, 2006 Stevens Bloom Voight Callaghan, 2001 Prapevessis et al, 1996 Stevens Bloom, 2002) none of these studies administered any questionnaires 3 or 6 months after the intervention to examine the long term effectuate of their intervention.Sampling size can be another methodological concern for researches conducting TBIs. Two studies had a very small sample size (Mellalieu et al, 2006 5 participants McClure Foster, 199115 participants. Some studies have only used a sparingly larger sized sample consisting of no more than 45 participants (Cogan Petrie, 1996 Voight Callaghan, 2001 Stevens Bloom, 200 3 Stevens Bloom, 2002). and 2 studies have used relatively large sample sizes Senecal et al, (2008) (n=86) Prappevessis et al, (1996) (n=137). Nevertheless, all studies have reported sufficient details such as gender, age, sport and team ability (Cogan Petrie, 1996 Voight Callaghan, 2001 Stevens Bloom, 2003 Stevens Bloom, 2002 McClure Foster, 1991 Mellalieu et al, 2006 Senecal et al, 2008 Prapavessis et al, 1996) However, some of the characteristics reported in the studies can be vague. Many studies have failed to state appropriate details, such as race (Voight Callaghan, 2001 Prapevessis et al, 1996 Senecal et al, 2008 McClure Foster, 1991 Stevens Bloom, 2002 Mellalieu et al, 2006). Furthermore, the majority of studies also seem to be generalized to same populations. For example, the majority of studies were conducted on females (Voight Callaghan, 2001 Senecal et al, 2008 McClure Foster, 1991 Cogan Petrie, 1996 Steven Bloom, 2003 Stevens Bloom, 2002), on ages ranging between 18-24 (Voight Callaghan, 2001 McClure Foster, 1991 Cogan Petrie, 1996 Steven Bloom, 2003 Mellalieu et al, 2006) and on high school or university teams (Cogan Petrie, 1996 Steven Bloom, 2003 McClure Foster, 1991 Senecal et al, 2008). In addition, the studies that indicated the race of the subjects were predominately on Caucasians (Cogan Petrie, 1996 Steven Bloom, 2003). As these studies are on similar populations the generalizability of these interventions is limited. Therefore, the results are difficult to apply to a wide range of sports teams, as member characteristics such as age, gender, race and ability can go greatly per team.Previous studies on sport teams have had the coach/ motorbus as the main facilitator of the intervention, working with the intervention specialist. As a result, Some TBIs have taken a more validating approach (Prappevessis et al, 1996) or used a combination of indirect and direct models (Steven Bloom, 2003 Cogan Petrie, 1996 Mellalieu et al, 2006). However, Brawley Paskevich (1997) identified indirect models to have weaknesses. The authors explain that coaches/managers may not be capable of set about a TBI as they do not have the knowl acuity, time and commitment to make it successful. On the other hand, direct models have the advantage of often allowing the intervention specialist to work directly with the participants. In addition, the team members beget more involved in the decision making process during the intervention. Bloom, (1996), suggested the social function of the athletes is a key factor in improving team performance. From the quaternary studies reviewed that utilised a direct team building model, 3 were effective at improving cohesion (Senecal et al, 2008 Voight Callaghan 2001 McClure Foster, 1991) with only one unsuccessful (Stevens Bloom, 2003).ReferencesBandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy The doing of control. New York Freeman.Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R. (2001). Role ambiguity and role conflict within mutually beneficial teams. Small Group Research, 32, 133-157.Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., Eys, M. A.,Carron, A. V. (2002). Role ambiguity, role efficacy, and role performance 4-dimensional and mediational relationships within interdependent sport teams. Group Dynamics Theory, Research, and Practice, 6, 229-242.Bloom, G. A. (1996). Life at the top Philosophies of success. In J. H. Salmela (Ed.), Great job coach acquiring the edge from proven winners (pp. 37-65). Ottawa, ON Potentium.Bloom, G.A. and Stevens, D.E. (2002). 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The use of a performance profiling technique in a team setting Getting the athletes and coach on the same page. The Sport Psychologist, 10, pp261-277.Dawson, K. A., Bray, S. R., Widemeyer, W. N. (2002) remnant setting by female intercollegiate sport teams and athletes, Avante, 8, pp14-23Eys, M. A., Carron, A. V. (2001). Role ambiguity, task cohesion, and task self-efficacy. Small Group Research, 32, 356-373.Eys, M. A., Carron, A. V., Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R. (2003). Role ambigu ity in sport teams. journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 534-550.Forsyth, D. R. (1999). Group dynamics (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA WadsworthEys, M, A., Patterson, M. M., Loughead, T. M., Carron , A. V. (2005) Team building in sport. In Hackfort, D., Duda, J. L., Lidor, R., Handbook of Research in Applied Sport Psychology internationalistic Perspectives (pp219-233). Morgantown, WV Fitness Information TechnologyEys, M. A., Loughead, T. M., Hardy, J. (2007) suspensor leadership dispersion and satisfaction in interactive sport teams, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, pp281-296Filby, W. C., Maynard, I. W., Graydon, J. K. (1999) The effect of multiple goal strategies on performance outcomes in training and competition. diary of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, pp230-246French, W.D. Bell. C.H. (1984). Organization development behavioural science interventions for organization improvement (3rd Ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ Rentice-Hall.Gould, D. (1993). Goal setting for inflorescen ce performance (2nd ed.).Mountain View, CA Mayfield Publishing CompanyJohnson, S. R. Ostrow, A. C., Perna, F. M., Etzel, E, F. (1997) The effects of group versus individual goal setting on bowling performance. The Sport Psychologist, 11, pp190-200.Kingston Hardy (1997). Effect of different types of goals on processes that support performance. The Sport Psychologist, 11, pp277 293.Kyllo, L. B., Landers, D. M. (1995) Goal setting in sport and exercise A research synthetic thinking to resolve the controversy. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, pp117-137Lee, C. (1988). The relationship between goal setting, self-efficacy, and female field hockey team performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, pp147- I61Lee, H. K., Kim, B.H., Lim, B. H.(1993) The influence of structural characteristics of team success in sports, Korean Journal of Sport Science, 5, pp138-154Loughead, T. M., Hardy, J. (2005). A comparison of coach and mates leader behaviours in sport. Psych ology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 303-312.Loughead, T. M., Hardy, J., Eys, M. A. (2006). The nature of athlete leadership. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 29, 142-158.McClure, B. Foster, C.D. (1991). Groupwork as a method of promoting cohesiveness within a womens gymnastics team. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, pp307-313.Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S., OBrien, M. (2006). The effects of goal setting on rugby performance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, pp259 261.Prapavessis, H., Carron, A.V. Spink, K.S. (1996). Team building in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, pp269-285.Riemar, H.A. Chelladurai, P. (1995). Leadership and satisfaction in athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, pp276-293.Senecal, J., Loughead, T.M. Bloom, G.A. (2008). A season-long team-building intervention Examining the effect of team goal setting on cohesion. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30, pp186 199.Stevens, D.E., Bloom, G.A. (2003). The effect of team b uilding on cohesion. Avante, 9, pp43-54.Voight, M. and Callaghan, J. (2001). A team building intervention programme Application and evaluation with two university soccer teams. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 24 ,pp420 431.Weldon, E.. Weingart. L.R. (1988). A theory of group goals and group performance. piece presented at the annual meeting of the academy of Management. Anaheim, CA.Weingart. L.R. (1992). 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The Tourism Trends In Mauritius Tourism Essay

The touristry Trends In Mauritius Tourism Essay today touristry has become the major focus, mainly for sm whole developing countries which corroborate an effect on local anaesthetic anaesthetic people in terms of socio- ethnic, milieual and stintingal impacts. Residents perceptions ar very central and t here is a submit to understand how these perceptions can contri ande towards touristry increment. The resolve of this study is to entrust a theoretical background for appreciateing local people attitudes on the impacts of touristry instruction in Bel Ombre, Mauritius. Tourism and sustaincapable suppuration atomic effect 18 inter colligate and has been usu altogethery identified with the fast rising demand of tourists performing together with the natural environment. Tourism has the capability to protect as hearty as to destroy a end point. Studying the impacts of touristry is a deprecative element of accepting how touristry cloaks the economy, socio- heathe n and environment shots in Mauritius. A well elaborated belles-lettres shows the character of the main fundamental interaction of tourist and array, uniqueness of soldiery-tourist relationship and their connection with the impacts generated by touristry cultivation. Researchers were more interested towards the interaction surrounded by the tourists and the local people. Though, there ar preceding studies that realise considered the stretch out from tourist perspective. To come finished the purpose of this study a questionnaire was designed and a survey was undertaken among the local residents. Concerning the analysis part, quantitative approach was useful and the take in and objectives were related to the majority of relevant literature.1.2 Problem statementThe main condition for doing this study is because touristry is 1 of the major sectors in many countries, including Mauritius, with the highest product potential. It is the worlds largest employer and one among the major sources of substantial foreign put back earnings (Blank, 1991 Richards, 2003 Mwandosya, 2007). It is done and through with(predicate) this observation that many people believe that the manufacturing is well put as one of the major means through which reading of local communities can be achieved (Scheyvens, 2002 Beeton, 2006). One approach to enhance this breeding through touristry is to involve local communities and disc over that their potential role is tapped and kept up(p) through active connection in the sedulousness (Beeton, 2006). It is imperative to name that battle and involution of these communities is central to the sustainable growth of the intentness not only because touristry has had a close connection with the local communities, particularly as legions and guides (Scheyvens, 2002), only too because the endpoints of tourists be communities and it is in the club that tourism happens (Blank, 1989 p.115).Participation is a process throug h which stakeholders, among them the local communities who argon ofttimes the intended beneficiaries of alliance tourism, tempt and sh ar control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources which affect them (Havel, 1996). Participation, therefore, seeks collaboration or partnerships and the commitment necessary to ensure sustainability of tourism development initiatives (Wolfensohn, 1996). Paradoxically, the answers of meshing are usually a reflection of a certain level of closeness of relevant stakeholders in the decision- qualification process which in turn enables people to make informed commitments to a particular tourism flip (Havel, 1996). According to Akama (1999) as cited in Manyara and Jones (2007, p.629), local communities are notwithstanding involved in tourism development and they are usually without a voice in the development process (Havel, 1996). This situation according to Mbaiwa (2005) is blow to the principles of sustainable tourismdeve lopment which, among other things, emphasize the involvement and elaboration of local communities.1.3 Aims and Objectives of the studyThe find of this study is to assess the residents attitudes and perceptions close to the impacts caused by tourism development in Bel Ombre.The objectives of the study areTo assess the extent of local peoples perceptions and attitudes in the tourism developmentTo assess the domineering and ban impacts of tourism developmentTo assess the extent of local peoples involvement and affaire in tourism development in their local field of studysTo enquire if local people are aware of the impacts of tourism development.1.4 Tourism trends in MauritiusSince the 1990s, Mauritius adopted economic reforms aimed at establishing a market- ground and private-sector-driven economy that marked epoch-making growth in many sectors of the countrys economy. Such reforms for example, serveed to purify the performance of the countrys tourism assiduity and enhanced growth of the sector through improved merchandising and promotional campaigns, improved tourism services, improved air access to Mauritius, fitting facilities, and other tourism nurtureing radicals. More specifically, growth in the Mauritanian tourism industry can be measured by spirit at the trends in tourism service, tourist arrivals, tourism annual growth, tour of hotels and hotel rooms, contribution of the sector to countrys GDP, and direct jobs created by the industry. To moderate a go picture of the performance of the tourism industry in Mauritius and to be able to gauge the achievements already realized by the industry.While the tourism industry continues to be one of the primal foreign exchange earners in Mauritius, the industry depends primarily on the flow of international tourists to the country. The countrys main source markets are Britain, Germany, the United States, Italy, France, Spain, and some new markets emerging around China and Asiatic countries. The majority of international tourists come to Mauritius for pagan, adventure and beach resort all together making Mauritius a quality destination.It is, however, interesting to note from the statistics infra that, in Mauritius, earnings from international tourism fuck off grown more rapidly than tourist arrivals in nominal terms due to the to heighten Mauritius as a high quality destination. Arguably, the increase tourist numbers game to Mauritius may be a convincing indication of increasing opportunities for local communities to earn r level(p)ue from tourism and these revenue opportunities could eventually contribute measurablely to greater local interest in the development of the industry (Victurine, 2000). parry 1- Tourist arrivals, nights and receipts, 2009 2012YearTourist arrivals (Number)Tourist nights (000)Tourism receipts 1 (Rs million)2009871,3568,63935,6932010934,8279,49539,4562011964,6429,73042,717 320091st Qr.232,9082,25010,265second Qr.180,5961,7917,9841st Semester 413,5044,04118,2493rd Qr.195,3812,2807,436quaternary Qr.262,4712,31810,008second Semester457,8524,59817,44420101st Qr.249,9712,94311,0212nd Qr.189,1791,8558,7881st Semester439,1504,79819,8093rd Qr.207,5062,2758,3584th Qr.288,1712,42211,2892nd Semester495,6774,69719,64720111st Qr.262,6262,96011,9492nd Qr.201,9781,9759,3551st Semester464,6044,93521,3043rd Qr.209,7792,3258,8454th Qr.290,2592,47012,568 32nd Semester500,0384,79521,413 32012 21st Qr.261,9952,95013,768 32nd Qr.205,1582,0109,7801st Semester467,1534,96023,548 blood line www.gov.mu1.5 Outline of StudyChapter 1- IntroductionThis chapter gives an overview of the study and the outline of the dissertation. It includes the introduction, problem statement, aims and objectives of the look.Chapter 2- writings ReviewThe literature review entails the theoretical background the main aim in writing this is to assess existing literature related to the study, what other researchers have done, including empirical evidence to provide a fou ndation to the study. It consists of all the theoretical aspects like the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards tourism development. The impacts of tourism development are also discussed along with how the friendship amour can squinch or increase these tourism impacts.Chapter 3- MethodologyThis comprises of the modeology of how the research was conducted, the questionnaire design, method used to collect the information, sampling techniques used, the data analysis and limitations of the study.Chapter 4- Results and DiscussionsIn this chapter the data collected through the use of questionnaires, testament be analysed by making use of graphical, mean and mensuration deviation. Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software system was used to make these analyses.Chapter 5- Recommendations and ConclusionsThe last chapter identifies the come-at-able solution to come crossship canal for the problems of the poor involvement of locals. The perceptions of residents on th e impacts generated from tourism development, thus leading to the finish of the project.CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionThis chapter seeks to address a number of rationalises related to familiarity involvement and fraternity in the tourism industry by examining some key points emerging from various studies, reports and other sources of information. It starts with a discussion somewhat the perceptions and attitudes of host federation towards the impacts of tourism development. Some critics almost Doxey Irridex Model and butler Tourism knowledge domain life cycle will also be discussed. The chapter also identifies factors which influence local communities and attract their connection in the tourism industry. It continues with a discussion about the tourism impacts that bone up due tourism development in a infinitesimal society. The chapter concludes by highlighting key issues raised by the literature that form the tush of this research.2.2 Sustainable Tourism DevelopmentSustainable tourism development (STD) is a long-term approach that cultivates economically viable tourism without harming residents environment or society darn simultaneously ensuring fair distribution of costs and goods (DBEDT, 2006a). Decisions are found on economic, environmental, and cultural impacts how wealth is generated and distributed and the relative power and interactions among the stakeholders (Bramwell, 2006 Twining-Ward Butler, 2002). STD balances industrys address of profit with the needs of the environment and stakeholders (Bramwell, 2006). Stakeholder cooperation is necessary for sustainable tourism other than only the well-nigh powerful will benefit (Dyer, Gursoy, Sharma, Carter, 2007). To keep stakeholders snug with tourism development and their community, the environment and culture must be saved (Ahn et al., 2002 Hjalager, 1996). When tourism development enhances, rather than erodes the natural environment, a more sustainable tourism product ca n be offered to support the destinations economy (Batra Kaur, 1996).A disposal that effectively manages tourism creates benefits for all stakeholders (Jamal Getz, 1995). Effective management is avoiding ban impacts through a combination of general protective measures regulations to control development and financial res civilizets (Cohen, 1978 Hjalager, 1996). Improvement of the environment can be achieved by ensuring that development is harmonious with the overall plan for the destination (Batra Kaur, 1996). Necessary tourism infrastructure much(prenominal) as roads, airports, parks, and visitor centers are also the responsibility of government (Jamal Getz, 1995). Maintenance of infrastructure and facilities is expensive and residents, through property taxes, should not be the only group to bear this burden (Wong, 1996). Residents benefit when tourists spend bullion in the local economy and create jobs, as well as from the development of infrastructure that residents also u tilize (Wong, 1996).Residents in mass tourism destinations such as Hawaii depend on tourism for their standard of living (Liu, Sheldon, Var, 1987). Because tourism development usually involves a tradeoff between economic benefits and environmental or cultural costs, residents cope by downplaying the minus impacts based and emphasizing the economic gains to maintain satisfaction with their community (Dyer et al., 2007 Cavus Tanrisevdi, 2003 Faulkner Tideswell, 1997). Residents with the about economic gain are the intimately supportive of the tourism industry (Harrill, 2004).Cavus Tanrisevdi (2003) found that the development process controlled by planners was the primary factor in residents negative attitudes towards tourism. When residents perceive that the costs of tourism outweigh the benefits, getings of resentment and fervor towards tourists can develop and lower community satisfaction (Doxey, 1975 Faulkner Tideswell, 1997 Ko Stewart, 2002). Residents who feel that the y have a voice in tourism planning are more incontrovertible towards tourism (Cavus Tanrisevdi, 2003). According to Choi Sirakaya (2005), sustainable tourism is the development pathway to minimize the negative impacts of tourism. There are many ways to make tourism more sustainable but few tools for evaluating and exam a sustainable tourism manikin (Choi Sirakaya, 2005). Audits and resource valuation value tourisms costs and benefits so that they can be fairly distributed to stakeholders (Warnken et al., 2004 Wen, 1998). Limiting tourism growth (such as carrying capacity or limits of acceptable change) can also make development more sustainable (Cohen, 1978 Butler, 1980 Gssling, Peeters, Ceron, Dubois, Patterson, Richardson, 2005 Christensen Beckmann, 1998 Ahn et al., 2002). In these approaches, government management and stakeholder cooperation are necessary to reach a consensus for how to manage early tourism development. This is why Understanding residents perceptions are critical to fairly distributing the environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits of tourism thus, ultimately increasing sustainable tourism development (Twining-Ward Butler, 2002).2.3 boniface alliance Attitudes and Perceptions about Tourism DevelopmentThis study aims at identifying the relationships between residents socio- cultural, economic and environmental aspect and their attitudes towards tourism by stress on a small community where tourism is in the development stage. By conducting this research, the author hopes to come across the residents attitudes and capture their current perceptions about tourism development in their area. Moreover, this research is being done because most authors agree that initial community attitudes toward tourism are critical to community involvement in the industry (Murphy 1981), the formation of destination image (Echtner Ritchie 1991).Attitudes are defined as a state of mind of the individual toward a value (Allport 1966, p. 24) and as an enduring predisposition towards a particular aspect of ones environment (McDougall Munro 1987, p. 87). Attitude of host community to tourism based development can improve if there is a boost in the tangible and indescribable settlements the host community can receive by being in based development (Choi Sirakaya, 2006). As Attitudes are based under this understanding, this is why some researchers came to a conclusion that residents attitudes toward tourism are not simply the reflections of residents perceptions of tourism impacts, but the results of interaction between residents perceptions and the factors alter their attitudes (Lankford et al.1994). Some preceding researches have proved that some most burning(prenominal) impacts of tourism are identified along with its variables, however the theory is develop Currently there is limited understanding of why residents respond to the impacts of tourism as they do, and under what conditions residents react to those impact s (Ap 1992, p. 666). Husband (1989) also addressed this issue by saying There is, so far, no theoretical justification of why some people are, or are not, favorably habituated up to tourism.Various issues can persuade perceptions of the host community about positive outcomes of tourism development. Support will depend on the degree of benefits perceived. The participation of community will be discussed later on in the literature review. The acceptance of local values can also be an important factor that leads to the achievement of a tourism based development (Alexander, 2000). in time over a certain period of time many findings find that host community perceptions in the direction from tourism may have more positive attitudes. People who depend on tourism industry or having a fall apart economic benefit may mayhap have a high degree of positivity than other inhabitants who do not benefit from a tourism development (lankford and howard, 1994 Jurowski, Uysal, and willimas, 1997 Sirakaya , Teye and Sonmez,2002 ).Lindberg and Johnson (1997) mentioned that people having higher economic impacts from tourism may have more positive attitudes. however Travis (1984) has stated that its not only an economic characteristic such as the opportunity for jobs creation or capital generation that needs to be considered by the host community. The socio-cultural and environmental aspects are also very important. For Choi and Sirakaya (2005), the most community should also have a better environment in term of infrastructures and improved amenities such as leisure and unskilled activities. They describe tourism as consisting of various supports and any development in the tourism field should ensure the protection of the culture of host community, on base the protection of the environment.In order to clarify the relationship between the impacts of tourism and residents attitudes toward tourism, several models have been developed. One of the most influential models is Doxey s Irridex model (1975) which suggests that residents attitudes toward tourism may pass through a series of stages from euphoria, through stoicism and irritation. to antagonism, as perceived costs exceed the expected benefits. This model is support by Long et al.s (1990) research results, which indicate residents attitudes, are initially complimentary but become negative after reaching a threshold.To have a better comprehension about the relationship between the impacts of tourism and residents attitudes toward tourism, several models like Butler Tourism Life cycle Area and Doxey Irridex model have been developed. One of the most dominant models is Doxeys Irridex model (1975) which suggests that residents attitudes toward tourism may pass through a series of stages from euphoria, through impassiveness and irritation. to antagonism, as perceived costs exceed the expected benefits. This model was back up by Long et al.s (1990) research results, which indicated that residents attitu des are initially favorable but become negative after reaching a threshold. The Irridex model indicates that residents attitudes toward tourism will change overtime. It suggests that residents attitudes and reactions toward tourism contain a sense of homogeneousness (Mason et al. 2000). Conversely, this concept was challenged by some research findings that reported heterogeneous community responses and diverse residents attitudes simultaneously existing in a community (Brougham et al. 1981,Rothman 1978).2.4 Critics about Doxey Irridex Model and Butler Tourism Area Life cycleButler (1980) took a more complicated approach. He argued that tourist areas go through a recognizable cycle of evolution he used an S-shaped worm to illustrate their different stages of popularity. Butler stated that there are cardinal stages through which tourist areas pass. These include the exploration stage, involvement stage, development stage, integrating stage, stagnation stage, and decline stage. His study also reveals that evolution is brought about by a variety of factors, including changes in preferences and needs of visitors, the gradual deterioration and possible replacement of physical plant and facilities, and the change of the original natural and cultural attractions, which is responsible for the initial popularity of the area. Furthermore this model is back up by Murphys (1983) research results, which reveal the distinct attitude differences among residents, public officials, and transaction owners in terzetto English tourist centers. Although Butlers model addresses the difficulty of residents attitudes toward tourism, researchers still lacked theories explaining relationships between residents attitudes and tourism impacts until Ap (1992) applied social exchange theory to tourism.2.5 Social Exchange possibilityAccording to the theory, exchange will start, only when there are maverick inaction forms. Ap (1992) suggests that residents valuate tourism in terms of social exchange, that is, evaluate it in terms of expected benefits or costs obtained in effect for the services they supply He also argued that when exchange of resources is high for the host actor in either the balanced or unbalanced exchange relation, tourism impacts are viewed positively, while tourism impacts are viewed negatively if exchange of resources is low. Social exchange theory has been examined as a theoretical framework by researchers to describe residents attitudes toward tourism impacts (Perdue et al. 1990, McGehee Andereck 2004).However mason and Cheyen (2000) stated that that the way of Butler assumes a degree of homogeneity of community reaction. Butler (2006) supported his model by suggesting that a consistent evolution of tourist area can be conceptualized. Different phases at a particular destination may not be understood without mistakes. The demonstration hence should be frighted only to some extent as the phase itself differs from one tourist area to an otherb(Tosun,2002).The Doxey irridex model gives a clear view of how host community attitude changes over a period of time. It mentions host community perceptions, reactions and attitudes in the direction of tourism (Manson et al.2000). This can be a conflict principle because some research came to a conclusion that various host community attitudes and perceptions may exist in the community, (Brougham et al.1981, Rothman 1978). Akis, Peristanis Warner (1996) disapprove the Irridex Model and The Tourism Life Cycle and view it as too simple, because both models give a few hint of changing host community perceptions and attitudes over time. Other researchers like Lankford and Howard (1994, P.135) opposed against the model of Doxey(1975) because positive and negative factors that affect the perceptions and attitudes of host community are not given much consideration.As the tourism industry keeps on changing, this may be a reason why we must give this industry continuous support for it s related development. Andereck vogt( 2000) stated that it is considered that optimistic attitudes towards tourism may entail the encouragement for merely tourism development. If there is any delay in tourism project development this can be due to frustration towards tourists. Mill and Morisson (1984) even mention that, an acceptance of tourism cannot be built unless the benefits of tourism are made relevant to the community. Attitudes and perceptions of host community at a destination is of utmost importance in the touchment of tourism development on board the development of the industry at large also, (Hayword,1975), (Heenan, 1978), and Hiller (1976).There is a handsome belief perception and attitudes of host community in the direction of tourism outcomes are apt to become essential planning and policy concern for flourishing development and expansion of existing and potential tourism programs, (Ap,1992). Host community attitudes and perception is very important as it will inf luence their behavior towards tourism, (Andriotis and Vaughan, 2003).2.6 Host community involvement and participationCommunity participation has become a common element in many development initiatives, such as community-based programmes, which assume participatory methods and has been promoted by development organizations, notably the World Bank, to address the in expertness of super centralized development approaches particularly in the developing world (Baral and Heinen, 2007).Today, many development initiatives solicit the participation of all concerned stakeholders, at the relevant level, not only for the sake of efficiency and equity of the programmes, leverage of donors and demands of local communities, but also for sustainability of these initiatives (Ribot, 2004). Consequently, the real outcome for soliciting such community participation is to create and produce an enabling environment needed by these stakeholders, especially local communities who have been vulnerable to ne gative impacts of tourism attributed partly to the fact that many tourism resources occur in their areas, to have a real stake in development activities (Havel, 1996 Songorwa, 1999). This requires involving local communities in decision-making and strengthening their ability to act for themselves. One approach to achieve this is through investments in human capital, such as education and health, investments in social capital such as local-level institutions and participatory processes, and support for community based development efforts planned and implemented from bottom up (Havel, 1996, p.145). However, given the fact that the central point underlying peoples participation may be the degree of power distribution, these efforts are less likely to succeed unless antiphonal institutions and the legal and policy framework that facilitate and support local participation are in place (Havel, 1996 Tosun, 2004 Wang and Wall, 2005).It is probably important to insist from here that a key c onsideration in tourism development is sustainability, which cannot be achieved without community support (Vincent and Thompson, 2002). While sustainability is the core objective of community participation (Vincent and Thompson, 2002 Johannesen and Skonhoft, 2005), proponents of community tourism further argue that community participation seeks to improve the welfare of the local community and, perhaps most importantly, win their support in conservation of tourism resources (Songorwa, 1999). This means community participation is necessary and imperative for tourism development because most tourist attractions lie indoors local communities or in their vicinities and in most cases co-exist side by side with the communities, for instance, in wildlife areas.Community participation via decision-making is an essential determinant to ensure that the benefits that local communities get from tourism are guaranteed, and their lifestyles and values are respected. It is, however, important to note that community participation in decision making is not only desirable but also necessary so as to maximize the socio-economic benefits of tourism for the community. It is perhaps one of the most important elements of tourism management to enable communities who often serve as tourist destinations and for that social occasion suffer from the negative impacts of tourism, to get involved and eventually infix in planning decisions regarding tourism development. This is important in order to create better handling of the negative impacts of tourism development (Li, 2004 Tosun, 2000). It is equally important to note, therefore, that integrating of local communities into the decision-making process is not a final goal itself but only one of the many ways through which community participation can be achieved (Li, 2005, p.133).Another way to involve and attract community participation and ultimately their support in tourism development is through local job creation (Zhao and Ritchie, 2007). Since tourism offers better labour-intensive and small scale opportunities (Chok and Macbeth, 2007 Scheyvens, 2007) and since it happens in the community, arguably, it is thought to be one of the best fit(p) potential sources of employment opportunities for local communities, inclusive of women and the informal sector (Blank, 1989 Li, 2005 Johannesen and Skonhoft, 2005 Scheyvens, 2007). Community participation via employment opportunities, as workers or as small business operators, can be a catalyst to the development of tourism products and services, arts, crafts and cultural values, especially through taking advantage of abundant natural and cultural assets available in communities in developing countries (Scheyvens, 2007). Tosun (2000) stated that community participation through working in the tourism industry has been recognized to help local communities not only to support development of the industry but also to receive more than economic benefits.However, it is import ant to understand that in some cases community participation is seen as a way of acquire people to carry out activities or share their costs while the benefits are not clear to those expected to participate (Havel, 1996). This implies that a key factor to the success of any community-based tourism project is the incentive to benefit sharing which is usually attractive enough to make people highly motivated to participate. As Havel (1996) asserted people will not participate unless they believe it is their interest to do soInvolvement and participation of the community in decision-making is advocated so that communities can have some control over tourism resources, initiatives and decisions that affect their livelihood (Wang, and Wall, 2005). On the other hand, the idea of involvement and participation of local communities in the tourism benefits is easily reflected in increasing incomes, employment, and education of local communities about tourism and entrepreneurship (Timothy, 199 9). One way to accomplish this is to increase public cognisance of tourism through education campaigns and train local communities for employment in the industry. While increased public awareness creates a more hospitable environment for tourists and improves the image of the destination, providing entrepreneurial didactics empowers local communities and ultimately increases their capacity to receive significant benefits from tourism (Timothy, 1999). This enables tourism-oriented businesses and locals such as taxi drivers, guesthouse managers, restaurant owners, and street vendors, th

Customer Satisfaction and SWOT Analysis of Thesis Binding

leaf node Satisfaction and devise Analysis of dissertation groomingABSTRACTAs the end is ab surface node Satisfaction and deck out depth psychology of dissertation Binding, It is a marketing look for bewilder, for that I squander arrested the info by using mixed techniques handle questionnaire and by telephone as well(p). The questionnaire made in antithetical formats for in- residence and discover-house separately. Out-house horizon is cosmos through with(p) in the unlike university of Kolkata like Calcutta university, Jadavpur and so on. And for in-house lot, we ar surveying those guests who strike already done their dissertation stick from Dhar chum. Various parameters in the questionnaire engage been utilize to pulsation the cheer train of the node and also to find out what ar their needs or what they exactly want from the club and to be love up the prink of connection.After that analysis of cool info depart be done to rile out finale and recommendationThe objective of project is to learn mentation of what form of promotion strategies is required by smart set to addition gross revenue and to attract more guests and apart from that what new go atomic number 18 required confederacy to increase node felicity aim and what is the potential, weakness , opportunities and threat for keep community so follow sack fritter away action to use opportunities, and to abate threats and weakness to array competitive emolument and increase lineage revenue and profits.INTRODUCTIONABOUT THE COMPANYDhar Br opposites is a family owned business concern base in Kolkata, West Bengal and it was founded by juvenile Rash Mohan Dhar in the year 1930. Dhar Br any(prenominal) differents started with only book rear in a precise juvenile stage and then by the avail of supportive community and companies expectant reverse, Dhar brothers is cognise as a reputed Thesis paper maker in Kolkata .The Dhar Brothers cas t a huge client base of student or professionals who need covert of their dissertation or project clip. The companies level customers who ar doing research work as well as those students doing their P.H.D. from all the universities of Kolkata and its nearby cities or spheres.Over the days, Dhar Brothers piddle broadened our demarcation profile, which now includesDATA PROCESSING, PRINTING, BINDING, PICK UP DELIVERY. It is possible because of Mr. Kishore Dhar who did Herculean task with punk and soul to stir up alongher. Driven by technology, Dhar brothers is able to serve many frontier settlement and foreign clients as well with whom we get in touch with mail orders.Dhar Brothers shake experience of more than 75 years in this trade. Dhar brothers admit customized go to scholars to all the universities match to their specifications. Companys vision is customers delight. And Dhar Brothers hope is Dhar brother achieved it, and with their blessings, Dhar Brothers argon now a virtually recognized thesis corporation in Kolkata.Dhar brothers is a largest thesis binding company in kolkata and is cognisen for its superior flavor, customization and repair go to its customer or picking up online delivery.Company commence clever labour or other resources to serve the customer better .Kinds of work succeed by the companyHard Binding Hard fix books argon very rigid and finished to a high criterion with edges cover throughout encasing up to approximately 500 pages. These books be textile covered in a wide variety of colours and earn on the spine shadower also defecate front visiting card lettering.Soft Binding Soft bound books are cut accusation on the edge and are rigid enough to stand on a bookshelf encasing up to approximately 500 pages. This bookish cloth covered in a wide variety of colours and lettering on the spine. We dont advice front board lettering.Simple Binding Card back and conk plastic front dirty dog be use as a tempora ry binding, but is strong and attractive enough for permanent use. Up to 300 pages 90 g/m2 .Thesis-CD- shifts A transparent PVC max for holding CDs that you might want to submit with your thesis. These are inserted onto the inside of your thesis rear cover.THESIS CRAFT POCKET An elegant handmade pocket built into the rear board of your thesis. This is sui control panel for holding loose sheets, photos, maps, and other documents. It can hold up to 20 A4 sheets of paper.Introduction of project style of project is guest Satisfaction and attire analysis. In this first to comprehend the business of company and what kind of work are provided by the company to process the need s and wants of customers regarding their thesis binding, the issues which we retain to earn in this project is to pull in that, customers are satisfied with the current run provided by the company or non and what kind of dishs customer are expecting from company. So that company can provide those funct ion to customer, to give them lever of money and increase customer felicity.To understand all that discussed in a higher place, diametrical techniques have been utilise to collect the selective information, these techniques are survey of customers by questionnaire, telephonic strategy, private inter enamoring. After compile the info sample size lead be taken for the analysis so that we can write out to more or less conclusion regarding the customer contentment and some recommendation can be provided to solve the issues.As discussed above sample size allow be used for the analysis of info by using various techniques .Considering all the questions, SWOT analysis will be done as per the present situation. As DHAR brothers is a only better-looking thesis binding company in the Kolkata region so it is the greatest strength the company has and to find out the new opportunities, and how to tapped these opportunities and find out weakness and threats of company, and find o ut the shipway to solve those.NEED OF THE STUDYThe nurture has been done to get laid the polar typesetters case of processs provided by Dhar Brothers and what is the customer rapture take regarding opposite type of goods of Dhar Brothers and to know the customer response about what kind of improvement they want from company, so Dhar Brothers can take action to play their needs. This study also covers the promotion strategies required by Dhar Brothers where company is lacking. by means of this study I came to know the customer satisfaction and SWOT of Dhar Brothers. bearing OF the PROJECTThe important objective of the project is to understand Customer satisfaction and Swot analysis of thesis binding in Kolkata are asThis project would help Dhar Brothers in brain the customer needs and get feedback on their product and divine function.Understand the customer satisfaction and Swot analysis for their thesis binding.Understanding what kind of services and customization cust omer expects from company regarding their thesis binding work.After understanding customer needs, efforts to fulfil their needs.In excogitate new methods of climax their customers and in the process making them aware of various products and services on the basis of above needs of customers.To increase the services later on understanding the customer destinys to serve them better.To make good simile with customers so that they will recommend other customers to company in prox for their thesis binding, that helps in increasing gross revenue of company.TO check present services tone is matching with the customer exigencys or not, and what kind of up stair is required.Different methodology will be used for the data battle array and data analysis.Collected data will be analyzed savely to find out what are the wants of the customer.To understand SWOT of Dhar Brothers.TO understand how to mitigate threats and remove weakness and what is the new opportunities.INFORMATION REQUI REDVarious services being offered by Dhar Brothers.To understand the working procedure of company.The kind of responses acquire from the customers during survey to get information about customer needs and wants and apart from that to measure their satisfaction level.Various tools of promotions are required by company to increase awareness and to build brand propose and understanding the level of impact it has on the customers.The form of activity which is effective from the point of view of customer satisfaction and Swot of company.Details regarding the customer satisfaction level regarding various services of Dhar brothers.Information regarding what is the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of Dhar Brothers.Finally innovative methods of targeting the customers and grammatical construction a brand image and increasing the customer satisfaction level by providing them value for their money.REASERCH METHODOLOGYMethod of data appeal- primary feather sources- It is a marke ting research project so to collect the data two type of querier is used for survey.I. In-house questioner is used to collect the data of existing customers of company at the achievemention of delivery of their thesis.II. john questioner is used to collect the data from different universities of Kolkata.Secondary sources-It is the data which has already been calm by someone or an organization for some other purpose or research study .The data for study hasBeen collected from various sourcesCompanies websiteOther network sourcesPast Data of organisationTime3 monthsStatistical Tools UsedSimple tools like jam graphs, tabulation, line diagrams have been used for analysis of data.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYVery minor Sample Size as compared to the target customers. Therefore a possibility of making error.Limited enumerate of prison terms as the survey is time consuming.Geographic limitations.Project is only to understand customer satisfaction and swot analysis for thesis bindi ng not for other type of bookbinding. compendium of data is only from existing customers required services not from customers who have already taken services in past..MainTEXTDescription of project in briefAs I explained above in introduction the project is to measure the customer satisfaction level and to find out Swot analysis of thesis binding, So that company can come to know about satisfaction level of customers by its presently available services and came to know about what kind of up gradation is possible to enkindle our services and to serve the customer in better way and to measure that if any step company have taken is it feasible or not.Companies main emphasis is services oriented because the company is looking for expanding the business and to attract more customers, and to get the idea of new trends of thesis binding what customer expect from the company so that company can fulfil their wish of customers that helps the company to retain its present customers and to at tract new customers . of late Dhar Brothers start new services like online delivery services to the customers , that whole caboodle as more beneficial for twain the companies and customers point of view , most of the time what happened if customer have not time to come at company or away from Kolkata like from different state or cities than customer can submit their orders on companies website, where everything is mentioned about services of companies and by filling the necessitate form according to their requirement and made honorarium online , from where company take the customers order and provide them service and finished the work of customer within 48 hours later on that if you are from Kolkata, you can take delivery from company and if you are from outside the Kolkata and if you cant come , your thesis would be courier on your address.TO understand the SWOT of company to get advantage from competitors and minimize the risks of business, as I discussed after clear understa nding of strength, weakness, opportunities and threat, company can take necessary move to maintain their strength as a tool of success, and take the advantage of new opportunities and work on remove the weakness, who are coming in racecourse of success of company and mitigate the threats.The strategy used to proceed the work, first after clearly understanding the work of company and what to do, I first typeset two questioner, one is for in-house survey to collect the data from customers at the time of their delivery, to get their valuable feedback and to measure their customer satisfaction level and to get the idea what kind of new improvement is required according to them, and what company should do to serve them better in future , so that companies sales will increase in futuresecond is outhouse questioner to collect data by surveying PHD or those people who are doing research work across different universities of Kolkata and then after collecting the data and proper analysis o f that data will be done by using different technology to find the conclusions of problems and recommendation and what steps should be taken to improve services and to expand business or to attract new customers. foodstuff growth rate of company securities industry rate has been found out by using the data of the customers who already have done their thesis work in 2009 and 2010. The data has been shown to a lower placeSource this data is based on the no of copies for the thesis binding month wise of Dhar Brothers.The data which have been shown in the minded(p) table is the number of copies which has been completed in the year 2009 and 2010.From the collected data which have been shown above shows that in that hole is an increment in the growth rate of 13.6% in the year 2010 compared to 2009.This shows that customer base of Dhar brothers is increasing every year so to tinge with the demands of these customer and serve them better company have to increase their present resources , like skilled human resource , Machinery, better fundament etcetera to meet with this challenge in future.Market SizeMarket size plays an important role to find out the areas where we can target the customers or it shows which area we should focus for the thesis binding.The market size can help the company to come to know about the untapped areas or the areas from where less business is coming, so can company can make strategy and can take right decision to cover these untapped areas and areas from where less business is coming.Number of customers coming in Dhar Brothers from different universities can be understand by the help of below graph, here In this graph I have not showed customers of all the universities I just try to show where we have to focus more to increase business and sales of company.Source This data is taken from Dhar Brothers.Horizontal Axis Monthsupright Axis Number of copiesThe data shown in the graph is the number of copies that have been taken on the vertica l axis and month has been taken in the horizontal axis.As we can see from the above graph that in all the Four months from January to April, the number of students coming in company from Calcutta university is more than any other university. And from the other university like Rabindra Bharthi is comparatively less than the Calcutta university, So our market Size is Rabindra bharathi and Vidyasagar University as well as B.Ecollege, Jadhvpur university .The message which I want to clear with the help of this above graph is that, here in our company customers from Calcutta university is coming more than all other universities of Kolkata, so these universities are like the areas from where less business is coming pretermit C.U., So company should take steps to increase business from these universities, by doing promotion ,make better sex actship with guides of students.Demand of servicesWhich services provided by Dhar Brothers is more in demand is easily understand by below graph-Sour ce This data is taken from survey of customers and from Dhar Brothers past data.The data collected is of the year 2011 from January to March.From the above graph we can find out which product of the company is in more demand. As we can see in the graph hard binding is in more demand as compared to the other demand, so company should more focus on hard binding service to satisfied the needs and expectation of customers from Dhar Brothers Because this service is more in demand and as well as company should also focus on superiority of other services.METHODOLOGYREASERCH METHODOLOGYVarious products/services being offered by Dhar Brothers.The kind of responses received during survey of customers.The form of activities which is effective from the point of view of Customer satisfaction and Swot analysis.To understand what kind of services and customization customers want.To understand the customer needs and expectation from company.Developing innovative methods of approaching the target gr oup .The survey conducted, would help in identifying the perception of a customer about services of company, which would further help in identifying the customer need and expectation and what kind of customization customer wants from company that in other words can say to provide value of money to customers .The survey conducted would give insight regarding whether Dhar Brothers should increase the services for their customers and if yes then in what type of services.Design of Questioner Two types of questioner is used for survey in house and outhouse.Design of inhouse questioner In-house questioner is designed for survey of in-house customers at the time of delivery of their thesis binding, the parameter have been taken in this questioner by keeping in the mind that the facts these customer have already taken the service of company, the following parameters have taken, to measure the satisfaction level of customer and analysis of swot areas.Details of customers include name, univer sity, area of thesis, contact number, email-id.From where customer came to know about company?How much customer satisfied with printing, paper binding and determine with respect to grapheme, delivery service within 48hours?How much customer satisfied with service like, delay time, Employee Behavior, work milieu?What is the strength of company, measurement is done on the basis of some point, for that I attached the questioner at end of project?What is the requirement of customer?At the end an open ended question to get the customers view to serve them better.Design of outhouse questioner Out house questioner is used for survey of PHD or research students in different universities of Kolkata, in this questioner points have taken by keeping in mind that these customer will use the service of company in future because the Dhar Brother has monopoly in the market regarding business of thesis binding, so by getting earlier the idea of expectation of customers and what type of service they are looking for , so the company will provide that service to customers in future, the point have taken in this questioner are as follows.Details of customers include name, university, area of thesis, contact number, email-id.University name from which the students live on to so that company can find out from which university maximum students will apply for the thesis binding.One question has been put in the questionnaire regarding the month for the thesis binding so that company can get to know their completion of project in advance and will try to cause by using the phone number to increase the sales of company. woof of sample size For measuring customer satisfaction and Swot analyisis I have collected the data of 170 customers by using both in-house and outhouse customers. In this project we have considered only those people who are doing their research work either from PhD or their own research work like thesis on literature. (note because of time constraint could not fu lfil much ).Data collection methods Data will be collected by survey and interviewing of both in-house and out house customers. For in-house data collection surveying and interviewing of customers will do at the time of delivery of their thesis binding, so customer after checking their delivery can have the idea of feature of their binding and give us the proper response regarding their satisfaction level and other methods I m following to collect the data from our past customers by calling them on their contact no. or by the help of e-mail id and in survey of in-house customers I havent set about any problem. I have collected the data of 170 customers. And for the outhouse survey, my target was PHD students or students who are doing research in different universities of Kolkata , So by visiting in different Kolkata universities and interviewing these people , I have collected the data I had approached in following universities of Kolkata like Calcutta university . Rabindra Bharti , Jadhvpur university, Shibpur B.E college, WBUT etc.Challenges faced in Out house Survey Initially after visiting in Kolkata universities following problems have come in my path are asTo enter inside universities and do the survey work.How to meet PHD students because there are no regular daily classes of PHD students.Sometimes chat problem because here people mostly communicates in Bengali.To take authorization from governance to do survey work and to find out at what time I can meet with PHD students.Strategies used to overcome these challengesBy using theReference of college identity card and doing research for academic requirement , till know I have got success to meet with PHD plane section authorities in universities like Rabindra Bharti universities and Jadhvpur university.I m trying to get the record of students PHD departments o like contact number or email-id , so that I can contact them to collect data .From project guides and PHD authorities get the time when I can meet with these peoples.FINDINGSAND digestinitial findingsThe various findings of from the information collected areDhar Brothers only do binding of thesis of research work.By a comparative analysis of customers of different universities of Kolkata as well as from other states and cities, it can be tacit that company has reasonable expenditure with respect to overall quality and Dhar Brothers has monopoly in this thesis binding business no other such big player available in Kolkata for thesis biding.Company imports significant for thesis binding like paper, cover page substantial from Netherland, so the focus of company is to provide best quality and service to our customers.Customers here comes from other states and cities also apart from Kolkata, like Darjeeling, Jharkhand, Bihar, Assam etc., this shows that company has good Brand image , and known for superior quality and fast services.Company has efficient resources, tolerable infrastructure and skilled labour and working e nvironment to do the work.Customer appreciate the online order service of company and Home delivery to customers who are away from Kolkata or have some problems to come, this service will help customers to finish their work at time and represent effective also.Customers also appreciate the fast delivery service of company within 48 hours.Hard Binding service provided by company is more in demand.Dhar Brothers has good brand image in this business of thesis binding.ANALYSISData which have been collected through questionnaire from in-house and out house will be used for the analysis of data. As the data in the questionnaire contains various different parameters like quality price, delivery system, waiting time, location and others. These parameters will be used for the data analysis and found out the relation between the different parameters.The target group for the survey is PHD students and those who do research work of age group normally more than 25 years of age.Sample Size 170(N ote due to time constraint, sufficient amount of response from customers was not gathered)Customers response how they come to know about Dhar BothersFriends (Who have used service in past)-62%Guide- 16%Others-2%Family members-12%Internet-8%Graph of customers response how they come to know about Dhar brothers.(Source This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey jan.-april)Above graph shows clear design from which source number of customer comes here.As we clearly understand from above data and graph Dhar Brothers required more methods of promotion to increase sales of their company because 62% customer come here are recommended by their friends, so company should do promotion in News papers, and Internet On major Research sites so during research of their work, Customer come to know about Dhar brothers, that will help company to boost their sales and by giving demonstration in education fares and in universities.Customer Satisfaction AnalysisThe parame ters which I have taken to measure the customer satisfaction level are , printing quality, paper quality, binding quality , service within 48 hours, waiting time, adequate infrastructure, working environment price with respect to quality . It can be better understand by below graph.Customer satisfaction on the basis of quality of material used for Thesis binding work.(Source This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey ,jan-april)As by analysis of above graph it is clearly visible that customer satisfaction level is very high, customers are highly satisfied by the material quality used for thesis purpose like paper, printing quality, Binding quality, so this is good sign for company. Paper quality 85% are highly satisfied and 15% are norm satisfied there is not even one customer who is not satisfied selfsame(prenominal) is the case with printing and binding quality, from binding quality 80% are highly satisfied and 20% are average and from printing qu ality 77% are highly satisfied and 23% are average satisfied.Customer satisfaction on the basis of services of company and law of proximity to location(Source This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey, jan.-april)From the above graph it is clearly visible the customer satisfaction level of services provided by company, customer satisfaction level is very high except some parameter like waiting time, propinquity of location. So company have to work on reduce the waiting time by increase human resource and more systems to provide fast service and other one proximity to location the company can do improve it by taking online demand and stand delivery to customer because to open other branches in different location is not feasible for company it requires lot of resources and wealth. And overall if we focus customers are highly satisfied. This shows that feasible steps which companies should take to improve services and customer satisfaction level.Custo mers satisfaction level regarding overall quality with respect to priceCustomers satisfaction level regarding overall quality with respect to price is given below with the help of graph.(Source This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey from January to april)From the above graph it is clearly understandable that only 10% customer is very low satisfied with price of Dhar Brothers and 90% are satisfied with price of company with respect to quality out of which 62% customers are highly satisfied and 28 % are average satisfied, so overall customers are satisfied with price, company should not bothered much about those 10% low satisfied customers. Companys main focus should on 90% of customers.From the above three graph used on the basis different parameters it is cleared that customers are satisfied except some parameters like waiting time and proximity to location.The data have taken in all the graphs are of four months January to April.Analysis of what was the requirement of customersThe parameters we used for analysis of requirements of customers are services provided by company likeFormatting, Printing, BindingPrinting, BindingCopier and BindingOnly Binding(Source This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey from January to april)It would be understand from the above graph, what percentage of customers taken which category of service, company focus is that every customer should take our first category of services formatting, printing, binding it would give more profit to company but after collection of data and survey of customers it have been found that those customers who have not good knowledge of formatting only those customers taken this service and those who can do formatting done by self to save cost.SWOT ANALYSISStrengthsCompany has monopoly in market in the business of thesis binding.Company has adequate infrastructure and machinery.Company has skilled labour to provide superior quality se rvices.Working environment of Dhar brothers is favourable for customers.Dhar Brothers is very cost effective for thesis binding with respect to quality.Online Delivery system and on time delivery.Delivery service within 48 hours.Imported material from Netherland used for the purpose of to provide good quality to customers.Strength of Dhar Brothers according to response o